RPM(8)

NAME
rpm - RPM Package Manager

SYNOPSIS

  QUERYING AND VERIFYING PACKAGES:

rpm {-q|--query} [select-options] [query-options] rpm {-V|--verify} [select-options] [verify-options] rpm --import PUBKEY ... rpm {-K|--checksig} [--nosignature] [--nodigest]
    PACKAGE_FILE ...

  INSTALLING, UPGRADING, AND REMOVING PACKAGES:

rpm {-i|--install} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ... rpm {-U|--upgrade} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ... rpm {-F|--freshen} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ... rpm {-e|--erase} [--allmatches] [--nodeps] [--noscripts]
    [--notriggers] [--test] PACKAGE_NAME ...

  MISCELLANEOUS:

rpm {--initdb|--rebuilddb} rpm {--addsign|--resign} PACKAGE_FILE ... rpm {--querytags|--showrc} rpm {--setperms|--setugids} PACKAGE_NAME ...

  select-options

 [PACKAGE_NAME] [-a,--all] [-f,--file FILE]
 [-g,--group GROUP] {-p,--package PACKAGE_FILE]
 [--fileid MD5] [--hdrid SHA1] [--pkgid MD5] [--tid TID]
 [--querybynumber HDRNUM] [--triggeredby PACKAGE_NAME]
 [--whatprovides CAPABILITY] [--whatrequires CAPABILITY]

  query-options

 [--changelog] [-c,--configfiles] [-d,--docfiles] [--dump]
 [--filesbypkg] [-i,--info] [--last] [-l,--list]
 [--provides] [--qf,--queryformat QUERYFMT]
 [-R,--requires] [--scripts] [-s,--state]
 [--triggers,--triggerscripts]

  verify-options

 [--nodeps] [--nofiles] [--noscripts]
 [--nodigest] [--nosignature]
 [--nolinkto] [--nomd5] [--nosize] [--nouser]
 [--nogroup] [--nomtime] [--nomode] [--nordev]

  install-options

 [--aid] [--allfiles] [--badreloc] [--excludepath OLDPATH]
 [--excludedocs] [--force] [-h,--hash]
 [--ignoresize] [--ignorearch] [--ignoreos]
 [--includedocs] [--justdb] [--nodeps]
 [--nodigest] [--nosignature] [--nosuggest]
 [--noorder] [--noscripts] [--notriggers]
 [--oldpackage] [--percent] [--prefix NEWPATH]
 [--relocate OLDPATH=NEWPATH]
 [--replacefiles] [--replacepkgs]
 [--test]

DESCRIPTION

rpm is a powerful Package Manager, which can be used to build, install, query, verify, update, and erase individual software packages. A package consists of an archive of files and meta-data used to install and erase the archive files. The meta-data includes helper scripts, file attributes, and descriptive information about the package. Packages come in two varieties: binary packages, used to encapsulate software to be installed, and source packages, containing the source code and recipe necessary to produce binary packages.

One of the following basic modes must be selected: Query, Verify, Signature Check, Install/Upgrade/Freshen, Uninstall, Initialize Database, Rebuild Database, Resign, Add Signature, Set Owners/Groups, Show Querytags, and Show Configuration.

  GENERAL OPTIONS

These options can be used in all the different modes.

-?, --help
    Print a longer usage message then normal.

--version
    Print a single line containing the version number of rpm being used.

--quiet
    Print as little as possible - normally only error messages will be displayed.

-v  Print verbose information - normally routine progress messages will be displayed.

-vv Print lots of ugly debugging information.

--rcfile FILELIST
    Each of the files in the colon separated FILELIST is read sequentially by rpm for configuration information. Only the first file in the list must exist, and tildes will be expanded to the value of $HOME. The default FILELIST is /usr/lib/rpm/rpmrc:/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/rpmrc:/etc/rpmrc:~/.rpmrc.

--pipe CMD
    Pipes the output of rpm to the command CMD.

--dbpath DIRECTORY
    Use the database in DIRECTORY rather than the default path /var/lib/rpm

--root DIRECTORY
    Use the file system tree rooted at DIRECTORY for all operations. Note that this means the database within DIRECTORY will be used for dependency checks and any scriptlet(s) (e.g. %post if installing, or %prep if building, a package) will be run after a chroot(2) to DIRECTORY.

  INSTALL AND UPGRADE OPTIONS

In these options, PACKAGE_FILE can be either rpm binary file or ASCII package manifest (see PACKAGE SELECTION OPTIONS), and may be specified as an ftp or http URL, in which case the package will be downloaded before being installed. See FTP/HTTP OPTIONS for information on rpm's internal ftp and http client support.

The general form of an rpm install command is

rpm {-i|--install} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...

This installs a new package.

The general form of an rpm upgrade command is

rpm {-U|--upgrade} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...

This upgrades or installs the package currently installed to a newer version. This is the same as install, except all other version(s) of the package are removed after the new package is installed.

rpm {-F|--freshen} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...

This will upgrade packages, but only ones for which an earlier version is installed.

--aid
    Add suggested packages to the transaction set when needed.

--allfiles
    Installs or upgrades all the missingok files in the package, regardless if they exist.

--badreloc
    Used with --relocate, permit relocations on all file paths, not just those OLDPATH's included in the binary package relocation hint(s).

--excludepath OLDPATH
    Don't install files whose name begins with OLDPATH.

--excludedocs
    Don't install any files which are marked as documentation (which includes man pages and texinfo documents).

--force
    Same as using --replacepkgs, --replacefiles, and --oldpackage.

-h, --hash
    Print 50 hash marks as the package archive is unpacked. Use with -v|--verbose for a nicer display.

--ignoresize
    Don't check mount file systems for sufficient disk space before installing this package.

--ignorearch
    Allow installation or upgrading even if the architectures of the binary package and host don't match.

--ignoreos
    Allow installation or upgrading even if the operating systems of the binary package and host don't match.

--includedocs
    Install documentation files. This is the default behavior.

--justdb
    Update only the database, not the filesystem.

--nodigest
    Don't verify package or header digests when reading.

--nomanifest
    Don't process non-package files as manifests.

--nosignature
    Don't verify package or header signatures when reading.

--nodeps
    Don't do a dependency check before installing or upgrading a package.

--nosuggest
    Don't suggest package(s) that provide a missing dependency.

--noorder
    Don't reorder the packages for an install. The list of packages would normally be reordered to satisfy dependencies.

--noscripts

--nopre

--nopost

--nopreun

--nopostun
    Don't execute the scriptlet of the same name. The --noscripts option is equivalent to --nopre --nopost --nopreun --nopostun and turns off the execution of the corresponding %pre, %post, %preun, and %postun scriptlet(s).

--notriggers

--notriggerin

--notriggerun

--notriggerpostun
    Don't execute any trigger scriptlet of the named type. The --notriggers option is equivalent to --notriggerin --notriggerun --notriggerpostun and turns off execution of the corresponding %triggerin, %triggerun, and %triggerpostun scriptlet(s).

--oldpackage
    Allow an upgrade to replace a newer package with an older one.

--percent
    Print percentages as files are unpacked from the package archive. This is intended to make rpm easy to run from other tools.

--prefix NEWPATH
    For relocatable binary packages, translate all file paths that start with the installation prefix in the package relocation hint(s) to NEWPATH.

--relocate OLDPATH=NEWPATH
    For relocatable binary packages, translate all file paths that start with OLDPATH in the package relocation hint(s) to NEWPATH. This option can be used repeatedly if several OLDPATH's in the package are to be relocated.

--replacefiles
    Install the packages even if they replace files from other, already installed, packages.

--replacepkgs
    Install the packages even if some of them are already installed on this system.

--test
    Do not install the package, simply check for and report potential conflicts.

  ERASE OPTIONS

The general form of an rpm erase command is

rpm {-e|--erase} [--allmatches] [--nodeps] [--noscripts] [--notriggers] [--test] PACKAGE_NAME ...

The following options may also be used:

--allmatches
    Remove all versions of the package which match PACKAGE_NAME. Normally an error is issued if PACKAGE_NAME matches multiple packages.

--nodeps
    Don't check dependencies before uninstalling the packages.

--noscripts

--nopreun

--nopostun
    Don't execute the scriptlet of the same name. The --noscripts option during package erase is equivalent to --nopreun --nopostun and turns off the execution of the corresponding %preun, and %postun scriptlet(s).

--notriggers

--notriggerun

--notriggerpostun
    Don't execute any trigger scriptlet of the named type. The --notriggers option is equivalent to --notriggerun --notriggerpostun and turns off execution of the corresponding %triggerun, and %triggerpostun scriptlet(s).

--test
    Don't really uninstall anything, just go through the motions. Useful in conjunction with the -vv option for debugging.

  QUERY OPTIONS

The general form of an rpm query command is

rpm {-q|--query} [select-options] [query-options]

You may specify the format that package information should be printed in. To do this, you use the
 --qf|--queryformat QUERYFMT option, followed by the QUERYFMT format string. Query formats are modified versions of the standard printf(3) formatting. The format is made up of static strings (which may include standard C character escapes for newlines, tabs, and other special characters) and printf(3) type formatters. As rpm already knows the type to print, the type specifier must be omitted however, and replaced by the name of the header tag to be printed, enclosed by {} characters. Tag names are case insensitive, and the leading RPMTAG_ portion of the tag name may be omitted as well.

Alternate output formats may be requested by following the tag with :typetag. Currently, the following types are supported:

:armor
    Wrap a public key in ASCII armor.

:arraysize
    Display number of elements in array tags.

:base64
    Encode binary data using base64.

:date
    Use strftime(3) "%c" format.

:day
    Use strftime(3) "%a %b %d %Y" format.

:depflags
    Format dependency flags.

:fflags
    Format file flags.

:hex
    Format in hexadecimal.

:octal
    Format in octal.

:perms
    Format file permissions.

:pgpsig
    Display signature fingerprint and time.

:shescape
    Escape single quotes for use in a script.

:triggertype
    Display trigger suffix.

:xml
    Wrap data in simple xml markup.

For example, to print only the names of the packages queried, you could use %{NAME} as the format string. To print the packages name and distribution information in two columns, you could use %-30{NAME}%{DISTRIBUTION}. rpm will print a list of all of the tags it knows about when it is invoked with the --querytags argument.

There are two subsets of options for querying: package selection, and information selection.

  PACKAGE SELECTION OPTIONS:

PACKAGE_NAME
    Query installed package named PACKAGE_NAME.

-a, --all
    Query all installed packages.

-f, --file FILE
    Query package owning FILE.

--fileid MD5
    Query package that contains a given file identifier, i.e. the MD5 digest of the file contents.

-g, --group GROUP
    Query packages with the group of GROUP.

--hdrid SHA1
    Query package that contains a given header identifier, i.e. the SHA1 digest of the immutable header region.

-p, --package PACKAGE_FILE
    Query an (uninstalled) package PACKAGE_FILE. The PACKAGE_FILE may be specified as an ftp or http style URL, in which case the package header will be downloaded and queried. See FTP/HTTP OPTIONS for information on rpm's internal ftp and http client support. The PACKAGE_FILE argument(s), if not a binary package, will be interpreted as an ASCII package manifest unless --nomanifest option is used. In manifests, comments are permitted, starting with a '#', and each line of a package manifest file may include white space separated glob expressions, including URL's, that will be expanded to paths that are substituted in place of the package manifest as additional PACKAGE_FILE arguments to the query.

--pkgid MD5
    Query package that contains a given package identifier, i.e. the MD5 digest of the combined header and payload contents.

--querybynumber HDRNUM
    Query the HDRNUMth database entry directly; this is useful only for debugging.

--specfile SPECFILE
    Parse and query SPECFILE as if it were a package. Although not all the information (e.g. file lists) is available, this type of query permits rpm to be used to extract information from spec files without having to write a specfile parser.

--tid TID
    Query package(s) that have a given TID transaction identifier. A unix time stamp is currently used as a transaction identifier. All package(s) installed or erased within a single transaction have a common identifier.

--triggeredby PACKAGE_NAME
    Query packages that are triggered by package(s) PACKAGE_NAME.

--whatprovides CAPABILITY
    Query all packages that provide the CAPABILITY capability.

--whatrequires CAPABILITY
    Query all packages that require CAPABILITY for proper functioning.

  PACKAGE QUERY OPTIONS:

--changelog
    Display change information for the package.

-c, --configfiles
    List only configuration files (implies -l).

-d, --docfiles
    List only documentation files (implies -l).

--dump
    Dump file information as follows (implies -l):

    path size mtime md5sum mode owner group isconfig isdoc rdev symlink

--filesbypkg
    List all the files in each selected package.

-i, --info
    Display package information, including name, version, and description. This uses the --queryformat if one was specified.

--last
    Orders the package listing by install time such that the latest packages are at the top.

-l, --list
    List files in package.

--provides
    List capabilities this package provides.

-R, --requires
    List capabilities on which this package depends.

--scripts
    List the package specific scriptlet(s) that are used as part of the installation and uninstallation processes.

-s, --state
    Display the states of files in the package (implies -l). The state of each file is one of normal, not installed, or replaced.

--triggers, --triggerscripts
    Display the trigger scripts, if any, which are contained in the package.

  VERIFY OPTIONS

The general form of an rpm verify command is

rpm {-V|--verify} [select-options] [verify-options]

Verifying a package compares information about the installed files in the package with information about the files taken from the package metadata stored in the rpm database. Among other things, verifying compares the size, MD5 sum, permissions, type, owner and group of each file. Any discrepancies are displayed. Files that were not installed from the package, for example, documentation files excluded on installation using the "--excludedocs" option, will be silently ignored.

The package selection options are the same as for package querying (including package manifest files as arguments). Other options unique to verify mode are:

--nodeps
    Don't verify dependencies of packages.

--nodigest
    Don't verify package or header digests when reading.

--nofiles
    Don't verify any attributes of package files.

--noscripts
    Don't execute the %verifyscript scriptlet (if any).

--nosignature
    Don't verify package or header signatures when reading.

--nolinkto

--nomd5

--nosize

--nouser

--nogroup

--nomtime

--nomode

--nordev
    Don't verify the corresponding file attribute.

The format of the output is a string of 8 characters, a possible attribute marker:
c %config configuration file.
d %doc documentation file.
g %ghost file (i.e. the file contents are not included in the package payload).
l %license license file.
r %readme readme file.
from the package header, followed by the file name. Each of the 8 characters denotes the result of a comparison of attribute(s) of the file to the value of those attribute(s) recorded in the database. A single "." (period) means the test passed, while a single "?" (question mark) indicates the test could not be performed (e.g. file permissions prevent reading). Otherwise, the (mnemonically emBoldened) character denotes failure of the corresponding --verify test:
S file Size differs
M Mode differs (includes permissions and file type)
5 MD5 sum differs
D Device major/minor number mismatch
L readLink(2) path mismatch
U User ownership differs
G Group ownership differs
T mTime differs

  DIGITAL SIGNATURE AND DIGEST VERIFICATION

The general forms of rpm digital signature commands are

rpm --import PUBKEY ... rpm {--checksig} [--nosignature] [--nodigest]
    PACKAGE_FILE ...

The --checksig option checks all the digests and signatures contained in PACKAGE_FILE to ensure the integrity and origin of the package. Note that signatures are now verified whenever a package is read, and --checksig is useful to verify all of the digests and signatures associated with a package.

Digital signatures cannot be verified without a public key. An ASCII armored public key can be added to the rpm database using --import. An imported public key is carried in a header, and key ring management is performed exactly like package management. For example, all currently imported public keys can be displayed by:

rpm -qa gpg-pubkey*

Details about a specific public key, when imported, can be displayed by querying. Here's information about the Red Hat GPG/DSA key:

rpm -qi gpg-pubkey-db42a60e

Finally, public keys can be erased after importing just like packages. Here's how to remove the Red Hat GPG/DSA key

rpm -e gpg-pubkey-db42a60e

  SIGNING A PACKAGE

rpm --addsign|--resign PACKAGE_FILE ...

Both of the --addsign and --resign options generate and insert new signatures for each package PACKAGE_FILE given, replacing any existing signatures. There are two options for historical reasons, there is no difference in behavior currently.

  USING GPG TO SIGN PACKAGES

In order to sign packages using GPG, rpm must be configured to run GPG and be able to find a key ring with the appropriate keys. By default, rpm uses the same conventions as GPG to find key rings, namely the $GNUPGHOME environment variable. If your key rings are not located where GPG expects them to be, you will need to configure the macro %_gpg_path to be the location of the GPG key rings to use.

For compatibility with older versions of GPG, PGP, and rpm, only V3 OpenPGP signature packets should be configured. Either DSA or RSA verification algorithms can be used, but DSA is preferred.

If you want to be able to sign packages you create yourself, you also need to create your own public and secret key pair (see the GPG manual). You will also need to configure the rpm macros

%_signature
    The signature type. Right now only gpg and pgp are supported.

%_gpg_name
    The name of the "user" whose key you wish to use to sign your packages.

For example, to be able to use GPG to sign packages as the user "John Doe <jdoe@foo.com>" from the key rings located in /etc/rpm/.gpg using the executable /usr/bin/gpg you would include

%_signature gpg
%_gpg_path /etc/rpm/.gpg
%_gpg_name John Doe <jdoe@foo.com>
%__gpg /usr/bin/gpg

in a macro configuration file. Use /etc/rpm/macros for per-system configuration and ~/.rpmmacros for per-user configuration. Typically it's sufficient to set just %_gpg_name.

  REBUILD DATABASE OPTIONS

The general form of an rpm rebuild database command is

rpm {--initdb|--rebuilddb} [-v] [--dbpath DIRECTORY] [--root DIRECTORY]

Use --initdb to create a new database if one doesn't already exist (existing database is not overwritten), use --rebuilddb to rebuild the database indices from the installed package headers.

  SHOWRC

The command

rpm --showrc

shows the values rpm will use for all of the options are currently set in rpmrc and macros configuration file(s).

  FTP/HTTP OPTIONS

rpm can act as an FTP and/or HTTP client so that packages can be queried or installed from the internet. Package files for install, upgrade, and query operations may be specified as an ftp or http style URL:

ftp://USER:PASSWORD@HOST:PORT/path/to/package.rpm

If the :PASSWORD portion is omitted, the password will be prompted for (once per user/hostname pair). If both the user and password are omitted, anonymous ftp is used. In all cases, passive (PASV) ftp transfers are performed.

rpm allows the following options to be used with ftp URLs:

--ftpproxy HOST
    The host HOST will be used as a proxy server for all ftp transfers, which allows users to ftp through firewall machines which use proxy systems. This option may also be specified by configuring the macro %_ftpproxy.

--ftpport PORT
    The TCP PORT number to use for the ftp connection on the proxy ftp server instead of the default port. This option may also be specified by configuring the macro %_ftpport.

rpm allows the following options to be used with http URLs:

--httpproxy HOST
    The host HOST will be used as a proxy server for all http transfers. This option may also be specified by configuring the macro %_httpproxy.

--httpport PORT
    The TCP PORT number to use for the http connection on the proxy http server instead of the default port. This option may also be specified by configuring the macro %_httpport.

LEGACY ISSUES

  Executing rpmbuild

The build modes of rpm are now resident in the /usr/bin/rpmbuild executable. Install the package containing rpmbuild (usually rpm-build) and see rpmbuild(8) for documentation of all the rpm build modes.

FILES

  rpmrc Configuration

/usr/lib/rpm/rpmrc
/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/rpmrc
/etc/rpmrc
~/.rpmrc

  Macro Configuration

/usr/lib/rpm/macros
/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/macros
/etc/rpm/macros
~/.rpmmacros

  Database

/var/lib/rpm/Basenames
/var/lib/rpm/Conflictname
/var/lib/rpm/Dirnames
/var/lib/rpm/Filemd5s
/var/lib/rpm/Group
/var/lib/rpm/Installtid
/var/lib/rpm/Name
/var/lib/rpm/Packages
/var/lib/rpm/Providename
/var/lib/rpm/Provideversion
/var/lib/rpm/Pubkeys
/var/lib/rpm/Removed
/var/lib/rpm/Requirename
/var/lib/rpm/Requireversion
/var/lib/rpm/Sha1header
/var/lib/rpm/Sigmd5
/var/lib/rpm/Triggername

  Temporary

/var/tmp/rpm*

SEE ALSO
popt(3),
rpm2cpio(8),
rpmbuild(8),
rpm --help - as rpm supports customizing the options via popt aliases it's impossible to guarantee that what's described in the manual matches what's available. http://www.rpm.org/ <URL:http://www.rpm.org/>

AUTHORS
Marc Ewing <marc@redhat.com>
Jeff Johnson <jbj@redhat.com>
Erik Troan <ewt@redhat.com>