#!/usr/bin/env perl

# This program is part of Percona Toolkit: http://www.percona.com/software/
# See "COPYRIGHT, LICENSE, AND WARRANTY" at the end of this file for legal
# notices and disclaimers.

use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';

# This tool is "fat-packed": most of its dependent modules are embedded
# in this file.  Setting %INC to this file for each module makes Perl aware
# of this so it will not try to load the module from @INC.  See the tool's
# documentation for a full list of dependencies.
BEGIN {
   $INC{$_} = __FILE__ for map { (my $pkg = "$_.pm") =~ s!::!/!g; $pkg } (qw(
      Percona::Toolkit
      Quoter
      OptionParser
      Lmo::Utils
      Lmo::Meta
      Lmo::Object
      Lmo::Types
      Lmo
      VersionParser
      DSNParser
      MasterSlave
      Daemon
      HTTP::Micro
      VersionCheck
   ));
}

# ###########################################################################
# Percona::Toolkit package
# This package is a copy without comments from the original.  The original
# with comments and its test file can be found in the GitHub repository at,
#   lib/Percona/Toolkit.pm
#   t/lib/Percona/Toolkit.t
# See https://github.com/percona/percona-toolkit for more information.
# ###########################################################################
{
package Percona::Toolkit;

our $VERSION = '3.6.0';

use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';
use English qw(-no_match_vars);
use constant PTDEBUG => $ENV{PTDEBUG} || 0;

use Carp qw(carp cluck);
use Data::Dumper qw();

require Exporter;
our @ISA         = qw(Exporter);
our @EXPORT_OK   = qw(
   have_required_args
   Dumper
   _d
);

sub have_required_args {
   my ($args, @required_args) = @_;
   my $have_required_args = 1;
   foreach my $arg ( @required_args ) {
      if ( !defined $args->{$arg} ) {
         $have_required_args = 0;
         carp "Argument $arg is not defined";
      }
   }
   cluck unless $have_required_args;  # print backtrace
   return $have_required_args;
}

sub Dumper {
   local $Data::Dumper::Indent    = 1;
   local $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys  = 1;
   local $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys = 0;
   Data::Dumper::Dumper(@_);
}

sub _d {
   my ($package, undef, $line) = caller 0;
   @_ = map { (my $temp = $_) =~ s/\n/\n# /g; $temp; }
        map { defined $_ ? $_ : 'undef' }
        @_;
   print STDERR "# $package:$line $PID ", join(' ', @_), "\n";
}

1;
}
# ###########################################################################
# End Percona::Toolkit package
# ###########################################################################

# ###########################################################################
# Quoter package
# This package is a copy without comments from the original.  The original
# with comments and its test file can be found in the GitHub repository at,
#   lib/Quoter.pm
#   t/lib/Quoter.t
# See https://github.com/percona/percona-toolkit for more information.
# ###########################################################################
{
package Quoter;

use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';
use English qw(-no_match_vars);
use constant PTDEBUG => $ENV{PTDEBUG} || 0;

use Data::Dumper;
$Data::Dumper::Indent    = 1;
$Data::Dumper::Sortkeys  = 1;
$Data::Dumper::Quotekeys = 0;

sub new {
   my ( $class, %args ) = @_;
   return bless {}, $class;
}

sub quote {
   my ( $self, @vals ) = @_;
   foreach my $val ( @vals ) {
      $val =~ s/`/``/g;
   }
   return join('.', map { '`' . $_ . '`' } @vals);
}

sub quote_val {
   my ( $self, $val, %args ) = @_;

   return 'NULL' unless defined $val;          # undef = NULL
   return "''" if $val eq '';                  # blank string = ''
   return $val if $val =~ m/^0x[0-9a-fA-F]+$/  # quote hex data
                  && !$args{is_char};          # unless is_char is true

   return $val if $args{is_float};

   $val =~ s/(['\\])/\\$1/g;
   return "'$val'";
}

sub split_unquote {
   my ( $self, $db_tbl, $default_db ) = @_;
   my ( $db, $tbl ) = split(/[.]/, $db_tbl);
   if ( !$tbl ) {
      $tbl = $db;
      $db  = $default_db;
   }
   for ($db, $tbl) {
      next unless $_;
      s/\A`//;
      s/`\z//;
      s/``/`/g;
   }

   return ($db, $tbl);
}

sub literal_like {
   my ( $self, $like ) = @_;
   return unless $like;
   $like =~ s/([%_])/\\$1/g;
   return "'$like'";
}

sub join_quote {
   my ( $self, $default_db, $db_tbl ) = @_;
   return unless $db_tbl;
   my ($db, $tbl) = split(/[.]/, $db_tbl);
   if ( !$tbl ) {
      $tbl = $db;
      $db  = $default_db;
   }
   $db  = "`$db`"  if $db  && $db  !~ m/^`/;
   $tbl = "`$tbl`" if $tbl && $tbl !~ m/^`/;
   return $db ? "$db.$tbl" : $tbl;
}

sub serialize_list {
   my ( $self, @args ) = @_;
   PTDEBUG && _d('Serializing', Dumper(\@args));
   return unless @args;

   my @parts;
   foreach my $arg  ( @args ) {
      if ( defined $arg ) {
         $arg =~ s/,/\\,/g;      # escape commas
         $arg =~ s/\\N/\\\\N/g;  # escape literal \N
         push @parts, $arg;
      }
      else {
         push @parts, '\N';
      }
   }

   my $string = join(',', @parts);
   PTDEBUG && _d('Serialized: <', $string, '>');
   return $string;
}

sub deserialize_list {
   my ( $self, $string ) = @_;
   PTDEBUG && _d('Deserializing <', $string, '>');
   die "Cannot deserialize an undefined string" unless defined $string;

   my @parts;
   foreach my $arg ( split(/(?<!\\),/, $string) ) {
      if ( $arg eq '\N' ) {
         $arg = undef;
      }
      else {
         $arg =~ s/\\,/,/g;
         $arg =~ s/\\\\N/\\N/g;
      }
      push @parts, $arg;
   }

   if ( !@parts ) {
      my $n_empty_strings = $string =~ tr/,//;
      $n_empty_strings++;
      PTDEBUG && _d($n_empty_strings, 'empty strings');
      map { push @parts, '' } 1..$n_empty_strings;
   }
   elsif ( $string =~ m/(?<!\\),$/ ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d('Last value is an empty string');
      push @parts, '';
   }

   PTDEBUG && _d('Deserialized', Dumper(\@parts));
   return @parts;
}

sub _d {
   my ($package, undef, $line) = caller 0;
   @_ = map { (my $temp = $_) =~ s/\n/\n# /g; $temp; }
        map { defined $_ ? $_ : 'undef' }
        @_;
   print STDERR "# $package:$line $PID ", join(' ', @_), "\n";
}

1;
}
# ###########################################################################
# End Quoter package
# ###########################################################################

# ###########################################################################
# OptionParser package
# This package is a copy without comments from the original.  The original
# with comments and its test file can be found in the GitHub repository at,
#   lib/OptionParser.pm
#   t/lib/OptionParser.t
# See https://github.com/percona/percona-toolkit for more information.
# ###########################################################################
{
package OptionParser;

use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';
use English qw(-no_match_vars);
use constant PTDEBUG => $ENV{PTDEBUG} || 0;

use List::Util qw(max);
use Getopt::Long;
use Data::Dumper;

my $POD_link_re = '[LC]<"?([^">]+)"?>';

sub new {
   my ( $class, %args ) = @_;
   my @required_args = qw();
   foreach my $arg ( @required_args ) {
      die "I need a $arg argument" unless $args{$arg};
   }

   my ($program_name) = $PROGRAM_NAME =~ m/([.A-Za-z-]+)$/;
   $program_name ||= $PROGRAM_NAME;
   my $home = $ENV{HOME} || $ENV{HOMEPATH} || $ENV{USERPROFILE} || '.';

   my %attributes = (
      'type'       => 1,
      'short form' => 1,
      'group'      => 1,
      'default'    => 1,
      'cumulative' => 1,
      'negatable'  => 1,
      'repeatable' => 1,  # means it can be specified more than once
   );

   my $self = {
      head1             => 'OPTIONS',        # These args are used internally
      skip_rules        => 0,                # to instantiate another Option-
      item              => '--(.*)',         # Parser obj that parses the
      attributes        => \%attributes,     # DSN OPTIONS section.  Tools
      parse_attributes  => \&_parse_attribs, # don't tinker with these args.

      %args,

      strict            => 1,  # disabled by a special rule
      program_name      => $program_name,
      opts              => {},
      got_opts          => 0,
      short_opts        => {},
      defaults          => {},
      groups            => {},
      allowed_groups    => {},
      errors            => [],
      rules             => [],  # desc of rules for --help
      mutex             => [],  # rule: opts are mutually exclusive
      atleast1          => [],  # rule: at least one opt is required
      disables          => {},  # rule: opt disables other opts
      defaults_to       => {},  # rule: opt defaults to value of other opt
      DSNParser         => undef,
      default_files     => [
         "/etc/percona-toolkit/percona-toolkit.conf",
         "/etc/percona-toolkit/$program_name.conf",
         "$home/.percona-toolkit.conf",
         "$home/.$program_name.conf",
      ],
      types             => {
         string => 's', # standard Getopt type
         int    => 'i', # standard Getopt type
         float  => 'f', # standard Getopt type
         Hash   => 'H', # hash, formed from a comma-separated list
         hash   => 'h', # hash as above, but only if a value is given
         Array  => 'A', # array, similar to Hash
         array  => 'a', # array, similar to hash
         DSN    => 'd', # DSN
         size   => 'z', # size with kMG suffix (powers of 2^10)
         time   => 'm', # time, with an optional suffix of s/h/m/d
      },
   };

   return bless $self, $class;
}

sub get_specs {
   my ( $self, $file ) = @_;
   $file ||= $self->{file} || __FILE__;
   my @specs = $self->_pod_to_specs($file);
   $self->_parse_specs(@specs);

   open my $fh, "<", $file or die "Cannot open $file: $OS_ERROR";
   my $contents = do { local $/ = undef; <$fh> };
   close $fh;
   if ( $contents =~ m/^=head1 DSN OPTIONS/m ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d('Parsing DSN OPTIONS');
      my $dsn_attribs = {
         dsn  => 1,
         copy => 1,
      };
      my $parse_dsn_attribs = sub {
         my ( $self, $option, $attribs ) = @_;
         map {
            my $val = $attribs->{$_};
            if ( $val ) {
               $val    = $val eq 'yes' ? 1
                       : $val eq 'no'  ? 0
                       :                 $val;
               $attribs->{$_} = $val;
            }
         } keys %$attribs;
         return {
            key => $option,
            %$attribs,
         };
      };
      my $dsn_o = new OptionParser(
         description       => 'DSN OPTIONS',
         head1             => 'DSN OPTIONS',
         dsn               => 0,         # XXX don't infinitely recurse!
         item              => '\* (.)',  # key opts are a single character
         skip_rules        => 1,         # no rules before opts
         attributes        => $dsn_attribs,
         parse_attributes  => $parse_dsn_attribs,
      );
      my @dsn_opts = map {
         my $opts = {
            key  => $_->{spec}->{key},
            dsn  => $_->{spec}->{dsn},
            copy => $_->{spec}->{copy},
            desc => $_->{desc},
         };
         $opts;
      } $dsn_o->_pod_to_specs($file);
      $self->{DSNParser} = DSNParser->new(opts => \@dsn_opts);
   }

   if ( $contents =~ m/^=head1 VERSION\n\n^(.+)$/m ) {
      $self->{version} = $1;
      PTDEBUG && _d($self->{version});
   }

   return;
}

sub DSNParser {
   my ( $self ) = @_;
   return $self->{DSNParser};
};

sub get_defaults_files {
   my ( $self ) = @_;
   return @{$self->{default_files}};
}

sub _pod_to_specs {
   my ( $self, $file ) = @_;
   $file ||= $self->{file} || __FILE__;
   open my $fh, '<', $file or die "Cannot open $file: $OS_ERROR";

   my @specs = ();
   my @rules = ();
   my $para;

   local $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR = '';
   while ( $para = <$fh> ) {
      next unless $para =~ m/^=head1 $self->{head1}/;
      last;
   }

   while ( $para = <$fh> ) {
      last if $para =~ m/^=over/;
      next if $self->{skip_rules};
      chomp $para;
      $para =~ s/\s+/ /g;
      $para =~ s/$POD_link_re/$1/go;
      PTDEBUG && _d('Option rule:', $para);
      push @rules, $para;
   }

   die "POD has no $self->{head1} section" unless $para;

   do {
      if ( my ($option) = $para =~ m/^=item $self->{item}/ ) {
         chomp $para;
         PTDEBUG && _d($para);
         my %attribs;

         $para = <$fh>; # read next paragraph, possibly attributes

         if ( $para =~ m/: / ) { # attributes
            $para =~ s/\s+\Z//g;
            %attribs = map {
                  my ( $attrib, $val) = split(/: /, $_);
                  die "Unrecognized attribute for --$option: $attrib"
                     unless $self->{attributes}->{$attrib};
                  ($attrib, $val);
               } split(/; /, $para);
            if ( $attribs{'short form'} ) {
               $attribs{'short form'} =~ s/-//;
            }
            $para = <$fh>; # read next paragraph, probably short help desc
         }
         else {
            PTDEBUG && _d('Option has no attributes');
         }

         $para =~ s/\s+\Z//g;
         $para =~ s/\s+/ /g;
         $para =~ s/$POD_link_re/$1/go;

         $para =~ s/\.(?:\n.*| [A-Z].*|\Z)//s;
         PTDEBUG && _d('Short help:', $para);

         die "No description after option spec $option" if $para =~ m/^=item/;

         if ( my ($base_option) =  $option =~ m/^\[no\](.*)/ ) {
            $option = $base_option;
            $attribs{'negatable'} = 1;
         }

         push @specs, {
            spec  => $self->{parse_attributes}->($self, $option, \%attribs),
            desc  => $para
               . (defined $attribs{default} ? " (default $attribs{default})" : ''),
            group => ($attribs{'group'} ? $attribs{'group'} : 'default'),
            attributes => \%attribs
         };
      }
      while ( $para = <$fh> ) {
         last unless $para;
         if ( $para =~ m/^=head1/ ) {
            $para = undef; # Can't 'last' out of a do {} block.
            last;
         }
         last if $para =~ m/^=item /;
      }
   } while ( $para );

   die "No valid specs in $self->{head1}" unless @specs;

   close $fh;
   return @specs, @rules;
}

sub _parse_specs {
   my ( $self, @specs ) = @_;
   my %disables; # special rule that requires deferred checking

   foreach my $opt ( @specs ) {
      if ( ref $opt ) { # It's an option spec, not a rule.
         PTDEBUG && _d('Parsing opt spec:',
            map { ($_, '=>', $opt->{$_}) } keys %$opt);

         my ( $long, $short ) = $opt->{spec} =~ m/^([\w-]+)(?:\|([^!+=]*))?/;
         if ( !$long ) {
            die "Cannot parse long option from spec $opt->{spec}";
         }
         $opt->{long} = $long;

         die "Duplicate long option --$long" if exists $self->{opts}->{$long};
         $self->{opts}->{$long} = $opt;

         if ( length $long == 1 ) {
            PTDEBUG && _d('Long opt', $long, 'looks like short opt');
            $self->{short_opts}->{$long} = $long;
         }

         if ( $short ) {
            die "Duplicate short option -$short"
               if exists $self->{short_opts}->{$short};
            $self->{short_opts}->{$short} = $long;
            $opt->{short} = $short;
         }
         else {
            $opt->{short} = undef;
         }

         $opt->{is_negatable}  = $opt->{spec} =~ m/!/        ? 1 : 0;
         $opt->{is_cumulative} = $opt->{spec} =~ m/\+/       ? 1 : 0;
         $opt->{is_repeatable} = $opt->{attributes}->{repeatable} ? 1 : 0;
         $opt->{is_required}   = $opt->{desc} =~ m/required/ ? 1 : 0;

         $opt->{group} ||= 'default';
         $self->{groups}->{ $opt->{group} }->{$long} = 1;

         $opt->{value} = undef;
         $opt->{got}   = 0;

         my ( $type ) = $opt->{spec} =~ m/=(.)/;
         $opt->{type} = $type;
         PTDEBUG && _d($long, 'type:', $type);


         $opt->{spec} =~ s/=./=s/ if ( $type && $type =~ m/[HhAadzm]/ );

         if ( (my ($def) = $opt->{desc} =~ m/default\b(?: ([^)]+))?/) ) {
            $self->{defaults}->{$long} = defined $def ? $def : 1;
            PTDEBUG && _d($long, 'default:', $def);
         }

         if ( $long eq 'config' ) {
            $self->{defaults}->{$long} = join(',', $self->get_defaults_files());
         }

         if ( (my ($dis) = $opt->{desc} =~ m/(disables .*)/) ) {
            $disables{$long} = $dis;
            PTDEBUG && _d('Deferring check of disables rule for', $opt, $dis);
         }

         $self->{opts}->{$long} = $opt;
      }
      else { # It's an option rule, not a spec.
         PTDEBUG && _d('Parsing rule:', $opt);
         push @{$self->{rules}}, $opt;
         my @participants = $self->_get_participants($opt);
         my $rule_ok = 0;

         if ( $opt =~ m/mutually exclusive|one and only one/ ) {
            $rule_ok = 1;
            push @{$self->{mutex}}, \@participants;
            PTDEBUG && _d(@participants, 'are mutually exclusive');
         }
         if ( $opt =~ m/at least one|one and only one/ ) {
            $rule_ok = 1;
            push @{$self->{atleast1}}, \@participants;
            PTDEBUG && _d(@participants, 'require at least one');
         }
         if ( $opt =~ m/default to/ ) {
            $rule_ok = 1;
            $self->{defaults_to}->{$participants[0]} = $participants[1];
            PTDEBUG && _d($participants[0], 'defaults to', $participants[1]);
         }
         if ( $opt =~ m/restricted to option groups/ ) {
            $rule_ok = 1;
            my ($groups) = $opt =~ m/groups ([\w\s\,]+)/;
            my @groups = split(',', $groups);
            %{$self->{allowed_groups}->{$participants[0]}} = map {
               s/\s+//;
               $_ => 1;
            } @groups;
         }
         if( $opt =~ m/accepts additional command-line arguments/ ) {
            $rule_ok = 1;
            $self->{strict} = 0;
            PTDEBUG && _d("Strict mode disabled by rule");
         }

         die "Unrecognized option rule: $opt" unless $rule_ok;
      }
   }

   foreach my $long ( keys %disables ) {
      my @participants = $self->_get_participants($disables{$long});
      $self->{disables}->{$long} = \@participants;
      PTDEBUG && _d('Option', $long, 'disables', @participants);
   }

   return;
}

sub _get_participants {
   my ( $self, $str ) = @_;
   my @participants;
   foreach my $long ( $str =~ m/--(?:\[no\])?([\w-]+)/g ) {
      die "Option --$long does not exist while processing rule $str"
         unless exists $self->{opts}->{$long};
      push @participants, $long;
   }
   PTDEBUG && _d('Participants for', $str, ':', @participants);
   return @participants;
}

sub opts {
   my ( $self ) = @_;
   my %opts = %{$self->{opts}};
   return %opts;
}

sub short_opts {
   my ( $self ) = @_;
   my %short_opts = %{$self->{short_opts}};
   return %short_opts;
}

sub set_defaults {
   my ( $self, %defaults ) = @_;
   $self->{defaults} = {};
   foreach my $long ( keys %defaults ) {
      die "Cannot set default for nonexistent option $long"
         unless exists $self->{opts}->{$long};
      $self->{defaults}->{$long} = $defaults{$long};
      PTDEBUG && _d('Default val for', $long, ':', $defaults{$long});
   }
   return;
}

sub get_defaults {
   my ( $self ) = @_;
   return $self->{defaults};
}

sub get_groups {
   my ( $self ) = @_;
   return $self->{groups};
}

sub _set_option {
   my ( $self, $opt, $val ) = @_;
   my $long = exists $self->{opts}->{$opt}       ? $opt
            : exists $self->{short_opts}->{$opt} ? $self->{short_opts}->{$opt}
            : die "Getopt::Long gave a nonexistent option: $opt";
   $opt = $self->{opts}->{$long};
   if ( $opt->{is_cumulative} ) {
      $opt->{value}++;
   }
   elsif ( ($opt->{type} || '') eq 's' && $val =~ m/^--?(.+)/ ) {
      my $next_opt = $1;
      if (    exists $self->{opts}->{$next_opt}
           || exists $self->{short_opts}->{$next_opt} ) {
         $self->save_error("--$long requires a string value");
         return;
      }
      else {
         if ($opt->{is_repeatable}) {
            push @{$opt->{value}} , $val;
         }
         else {
            $opt->{value} = $val;
         }
      }
   }
   else {
      if ($opt->{is_repeatable}) {
         push @{$opt->{value}} , $val;
      }
      else {
         $opt->{value} = $val;
      }
   }
   $opt->{got} = 1;
   PTDEBUG && _d('Got option', $long, '=', $val);
}

sub get_opts {
   my ( $self ) = @_;

   foreach my $long ( keys %{$self->{opts}} ) {
      $self->{opts}->{$long}->{got} = 0;
      $self->{opts}->{$long}->{value}
         = exists $self->{defaults}->{$long}       ? $self->{defaults}->{$long}
         : $self->{opts}->{$long}->{is_cumulative} ? 0
         : undef;
   }
   $self->{got_opts} = 0;

   $self->{errors} = [];

   if ( @ARGV && $ARGV[0] =~/^--config=/ ) {
      $ARGV[0] = substr($ARGV[0],9);
      $ARGV[0] =~ s/^'(.*)'$/$1/;
      $ARGV[0] =~ s/^"(.*)"$/$1/;
      $self->_set_option('config', shift @ARGV);
   }
   if ( @ARGV && $ARGV[0] eq "--config" ) {
      shift @ARGV;
      $self->_set_option('config', shift @ARGV);
   }
   if ( $self->has('config') ) {
      my @extra_args;
      foreach my $filename ( split(',', $self->get('config')) ) {
         eval {
            push @extra_args, $self->_read_config_file($filename);
         };
         if ( $EVAL_ERROR ) {
            if ( $self->got('config') ) {
               die $EVAL_ERROR;
            }
            elsif ( PTDEBUG ) {
               _d($EVAL_ERROR);
            }
         }
      }
      unshift @ARGV, @extra_args;
   }

   Getopt::Long::Configure('no_ignore_case', 'bundling');
   GetOptions(
      map    { $_->{spec} => sub { $self->_set_option(@_); } }
      grep   { $_->{long} ne 'config' } # --config is handled specially above.
      values %{$self->{opts}}
   ) or $self->save_error('Error parsing options');

   if ( exists $self->{opts}->{version} && $self->{opts}->{version}->{got} ) {
      if ( $self->{version} ) {
         print $self->{version}, "\n";
         exit 0;
      }
      else {
         print "Error parsing version.  See the VERSION section of the tool's documentation.\n";
         exit 1;
      }
   }

   if ( @ARGV && $self->{strict} ) {
      $self->save_error("Unrecognized command-line options @ARGV");
   }

   foreach my $mutex ( @{$self->{mutex}} ) {
      my @set = grep { $self->{opts}->{$_}->{got} } @$mutex;
      if ( @set > 1 ) {
         my $err = join(', ', map { "--$self->{opts}->{$_}->{long}" }
                      @{$mutex}[ 0 .. scalar(@$mutex) - 2] )
                 . ' and --'.$self->{opts}->{$mutex->[-1]}->{long}
                 . ' are mutually exclusive.';
         $self->save_error($err);
      }
   }

   foreach my $required ( @{$self->{atleast1}} ) {
      my @set = grep { $self->{opts}->{$_}->{got} } @$required;
      if ( @set == 0 ) {
         my $err = join(', ', map { "--$self->{opts}->{$_}->{long}" }
                      @{$required}[ 0 .. scalar(@$required) - 2] )
                 .' or --'.$self->{opts}->{$required->[-1]}->{long};
         $self->save_error("Specify at least one of $err");
      }
   }

   $self->_check_opts( keys %{$self->{opts}} );
   $self->{got_opts} = 1;
   return;
}

sub _check_opts {
   my ( $self, @long ) = @_;
   my $long_last = scalar @long;
   while ( @long ) {
      foreach my $i ( 0..$#long ) {
         my $long = $long[$i];
         next unless $long;
         my $opt  = $self->{opts}->{$long};
         if ( $opt->{got} ) {
            if ( exists $self->{disables}->{$long} ) {
               my @disable_opts = @{$self->{disables}->{$long}};
               map { $self->{opts}->{$_}->{value} = undef; } @disable_opts;
               PTDEBUG && _d('Unset options', @disable_opts,
                  'because', $long,'disables them');
            }

            if ( exists $self->{allowed_groups}->{$long} ) {

               my @restricted_groups = grep {
                  !exists $self->{allowed_groups}->{$long}->{$_}
               } keys %{$self->{groups}};

               my @restricted_opts;
               foreach my $restricted_group ( @restricted_groups ) {
                  RESTRICTED_OPT:
                  foreach my $restricted_opt (
                     keys %{$self->{groups}->{$restricted_group}} )
                  {
                     next RESTRICTED_OPT if $restricted_opt eq $long;
                     push @restricted_opts, $restricted_opt
                        if $self->{opts}->{$restricted_opt}->{got};
                  }
               }

               if ( @restricted_opts ) {
                  my $err;
                  if ( @restricted_opts == 1 ) {
                     $err = "--$restricted_opts[0]";
                  }
                  else {
                     $err = join(', ',
                               map { "--$self->{opts}->{$_}->{long}" }
                               grep { $_ }
                               @restricted_opts[0..scalar(@restricted_opts) - 2]
                            )
                          . ' or --'.$self->{opts}->{$restricted_opts[-1]}->{long};
                  }
                  $self->save_error("--$long is not allowed with $err");
               }
            }

         }
         elsif ( $opt->{is_required} ) {
            $self->save_error("Required option --$long must be specified");
         }

         $self->_validate_type($opt);
         if ( $opt->{parsed} ) {
            delete $long[$i];
         }
         else {
            PTDEBUG && _d('Temporarily failed to parse', $long);
         }
      }

      die "Failed to parse options, possibly due to circular dependencies"
         if @long == $long_last;
      $long_last = @long;
   }

   return;
}

sub _validate_type {
   my ( $self, $opt ) = @_;
   return unless $opt;

   if ( !$opt->{type} ) {
      $opt->{parsed} = 1;
      return;
   }

   my $val = $opt->{value};

   if ( $val && $opt->{type} eq 'm' ) {  # type time
      PTDEBUG && _d('Parsing option', $opt->{long}, 'as a time value');
      my ( $prefix, $num, $suffix ) = $val =~ m/([+-]?)(\d+)([a-z])?$/;
      if ( !$suffix ) {
         my ( $s ) = $opt->{desc} =~ m/\(suffix (.)\)/;
         $suffix = $s || 's';
         PTDEBUG && _d('No suffix given; using', $suffix, 'for',
            $opt->{long}, '(value:', $val, ')');
      }
      if ( $suffix =~ m/[smhd]/ ) {
         $val = $suffix eq 's' ? $num            # Seconds
              : $suffix eq 'm' ? $num * 60       # Minutes
              : $suffix eq 'h' ? $num * 3600     # Hours
              :                  $num * 86400;   # Days
         $opt->{value} = ($prefix || '') . $val;
         PTDEBUG && _d('Setting option', $opt->{long}, 'to', $val);
      }
      else {
         $self->save_error("Invalid time suffix for --$opt->{long}");
      }
   }
   elsif ( $val && $opt->{type} eq 'd' ) {  # type DSN
      PTDEBUG && _d('Parsing option', $opt->{long}, 'as a DSN');
      my $prev = {};
      my $from_key = $self->{defaults_to}->{ $opt->{long} };
      if ( $from_key ) {
         PTDEBUG && _d($opt->{long}, 'DSN copies from', $from_key, 'DSN');
         if ( $self->{opts}->{$from_key}->{parsed} ) {
            $prev = $self->{opts}->{$from_key}->{value};
         }
         else {
            PTDEBUG && _d('Cannot parse', $opt->{long}, 'until',
               $from_key, 'parsed');
            return;
         }
      }
      my $defaults = $self->{DSNParser}->parse_options($self);
      if (!$opt->{attributes}->{repeatable}) {
          $opt->{value} = $self->{DSNParser}->parse($val, $prev, $defaults);
      } else {
          my $values = [];
          for my $dsn_string (@$val) {
              push @$values, $self->{DSNParser}->parse($dsn_string, $prev, $defaults);
          }
          $opt->{value} = $values;
      }
   }
   elsif ( $val && $opt->{type} eq 'z' ) {  # type size
      PTDEBUG && _d('Parsing option', $opt->{long}, 'as a size value');
      $self->_parse_size($opt, $val);
   }
   elsif ( $opt->{type} eq 'H' || (defined $val && $opt->{type} eq 'h') ) {
      $opt->{value} = { map { $_ => 1 } split(/(?<!\\),\s*/, ($val || '')) };
   }
   elsif ( $opt->{type} eq 'A' || (defined $val && $opt->{type} eq 'a') ) {
      $opt->{value} = [ split(/(?<!\\),\s*/, ($val || '')) ];
   }
   else {
      PTDEBUG && _d('Nothing to validate for option',
         $opt->{long}, 'type', $opt->{type}, 'value', $val);
   }

   $opt->{parsed} = 1;
   return;
}

sub get {
   my ( $self, $opt ) = @_;
   my $long = (length $opt == 1 ? $self->{short_opts}->{$opt} : $opt);
   die "Option $opt does not exist"
      unless $long && exists $self->{opts}->{$long};
   return $self->{opts}->{$long}->{value};
}

sub got {
   my ( $self, $opt ) = @_;
   my $long = (length $opt == 1 ? $self->{short_opts}->{$opt} : $opt);
   die "Option $opt does not exist"
      unless $long && exists $self->{opts}->{$long};
   return $self->{opts}->{$long}->{got};
}

sub has {
   my ( $self, $opt ) = @_;
   my $long = (length $opt == 1 ? $self->{short_opts}->{$opt} : $opt);
   return defined $long ? exists $self->{opts}->{$long} : 0;
}

sub set {
   my ( $self, $opt, $val ) = @_;
   my $long = (length $opt == 1 ? $self->{short_opts}->{$opt} : $opt);
   die "Option $opt does not exist"
      unless $long && exists $self->{opts}->{$long};
   $self->{opts}->{$long}->{value} = $val;
   return;
}

sub save_error {
   my ( $self, $error ) = @_;
   push @{$self->{errors}}, $error;
   return;
}

sub errors {
   my ( $self ) = @_;
   return $self->{errors};
}

sub usage {
   my ( $self ) = @_;
   warn "No usage string is set" unless $self->{usage}; # XXX
   return "Usage: " . ($self->{usage} || '') . "\n";
}

sub descr {
   my ( $self ) = @_;
   warn "No description string is set" unless $self->{description}; # XXX
   my $descr  = ($self->{description} || $self->{program_name} || '')
              . "  For more details, please use the --help option, "
              . "or try 'perldoc $PROGRAM_NAME' "
              . "for complete documentation.";
   $descr = join("\n", $descr =~ m/(.{0,80})(?:\s+|$)/g)
      unless $ENV{DONT_BREAK_LINES};
   $descr =~ s/ +$//mg;
   return $descr;
}

sub usage_or_errors {
   my ( $self, $file, $return ) = @_;
   $file ||= $self->{file} || __FILE__;

   if ( !$self->{description} || !$self->{usage} ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d("Getting description and usage from SYNOPSIS in", $file);
      my %synop = $self->_parse_synopsis($file);
      $self->{description} ||= $synop{description};
      $self->{usage}       ||= $synop{usage};
      PTDEBUG && _d("Description:", $self->{description},
         "\nUsage:", $self->{usage});
   }

   if ( $self->{opts}->{help}->{got} ) {
      print $self->print_usage() or die "Cannot print usage: $OS_ERROR";
      exit 0 unless $return;
   }
   elsif ( scalar @{$self->{errors}} ) {
      print $self->print_errors() or die "Cannot print errors: $OS_ERROR";
      exit 1 unless $return;
   }

   return;
}

sub print_errors {
   my ( $self ) = @_;
   my $usage = $self->usage() . "\n";
   if ( (my @errors = @{$self->{errors}}) ) {
      $usage .= join("\n  * ", 'Errors in command-line arguments:', @errors)
              . "\n";
   }
   return $usage . "\n" . $self->descr();
}

sub print_usage {
   my ( $self ) = @_;
   die "Run get_opts() before print_usage()" unless $self->{got_opts};
   my @opts = values %{$self->{opts}};

   my $maxl = max(
      map {
         length($_->{long})               # option long name
         + ($_->{is_negatable} ? 4 : 0)   # "[no]" if opt is negatable
         + ($_->{type} ? 2 : 0)           # "=x" where x is the opt type
      }
      @opts);

   my $maxs = max(0,
      map {
         length($_)
         + ($self->{opts}->{$_}->{is_negatable} ? 4 : 0)
         + ($self->{opts}->{$_}->{type} ? 2 : 0)
      }
      values %{$self->{short_opts}});

   my $lcol = max($maxl, ($maxs + 3));
   my $rcol = 80 - $lcol - 6;
   my $rpad = ' ' x ( 80 - $rcol );

   $maxs = max($lcol - 3, $maxs);

   my $usage = $self->descr() . "\n" . $self->usage();

   my @groups = reverse sort grep { $_ ne 'default'; } keys %{$self->{groups}};
   push @groups, 'default';

   foreach my $group ( reverse @groups ) {
      $usage .= "\n".($group eq 'default' ? 'Options' : $group).":\n\n";
      foreach my $opt (
         sort { $a->{long} cmp $b->{long} }
         grep { $_->{group} eq $group }
         @opts )
      {
         my $long  = $opt->{is_negatable} ? "[no]$opt->{long}" : $opt->{long};
         my $short = $opt->{short};
         my $desc  = $opt->{desc};

         $long .= $opt->{type} ? "=$opt->{type}" : "";

         if ( $opt->{type} && $opt->{type} eq 'm' ) {
            my ($s) = $desc =~ m/\(suffix (.)\)/;
            $s    ||= 's';
            $desc =~ s/\s+\(suffix .\)//;
            $desc .= ".  Optional suffix s=seconds, m=minutes, h=hours, "
                   . "d=days; if no suffix, $s is used.";
         }
         $desc = join("\n$rpad", grep { $_ } $desc =~ m/(.{0,$rcol}(?!\W))(?:\s+|(?<=\W)|$)/g);
         $desc =~ s/ +$//mg;
         if ( $short ) {
            $usage .= sprintf("  --%-${maxs}s -%s  %s\n", $long, $short, $desc);
         }
         else {
            $usage .= sprintf("  --%-${lcol}s  %s\n", $long, $desc);
         }
      }
   }

   $usage .= "\nOption types: s=string, i=integer, f=float, h/H/a/A=comma-separated list, d=DSN, z=size, m=time\n";

   if ( (my @rules = @{$self->{rules}}) ) {
      $usage .= "\nRules:\n\n";
      $usage .= join("\n", map { "  $_" } @rules) . "\n";
   }
   if ( $self->{DSNParser} ) {
      $usage .= "\n" . $self->{DSNParser}->usage();
   }
   $usage .= "\nOptions and values after processing arguments:\n\n";
   foreach my $opt ( sort { $a->{long} cmp $b->{long} } @opts ) {
      my $val   = $opt->{value};
      my $type  = $opt->{type} || '';
      my $bool  = $opt->{spec} =~ m/^[\w-]+(?:\|[\w-])?!?$/;
      $val      = $bool              ? ( $val ? 'TRUE' : 'FALSE' )
                : !defined $val      ? '(No value)'
                : $type eq 'd'       ? $self->{DSNParser}->as_string($val)
                : $type =~ m/H|h/    ? join(',', sort keys %$val)
                : $type =~ m/A|a/    ? join(',', @$val)
                :                    $val;
      $usage .= sprintf("  --%-${lcol}s  %s\n", $opt->{long}, $val);
   }
   return $usage;
}

sub prompt_noecho {
   shift @_ if ref $_[0] eq __PACKAGE__;
   my ( $prompt ) = @_;
   local $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH = 1;
   print STDERR $prompt
      or die "Cannot print: $OS_ERROR";
   my $response;
   eval {
      require Term::ReadKey;
      Term::ReadKey::ReadMode('noecho');
      chomp($response = <STDIN>);
      Term::ReadKey::ReadMode('normal');
      print "\n"
         or die "Cannot print: $OS_ERROR";
   };
   if ( $EVAL_ERROR ) {
      die "Cannot read response; is Term::ReadKey installed? $EVAL_ERROR";
   }
   return $response;
}

sub _read_config_file {
   my ( $self, $filename ) = @_;
   open my $fh, "<", $filename or die "Cannot open $filename: $OS_ERROR\n";
   my @args;
   my $prefix = '--';
   my $parse  = 1;

   LINE:
   while ( my $line = <$fh> ) {
      chomp $line;
      next LINE if $line =~ m/^\s*(?:\#|\;|$)/;
      $line =~ s/\s+#.*$//g;
      $line =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
      if ( $line eq '--' ) {
         $prefix = '';
         $parse  = 0;
         next LINE;
      }

      if (  $parse
            && !$self->has('version-check')
            && $line =~ /version-check/
      ) {
         next LINE;
      }

      if ( $parse
         && (my($opt, $arg) = $line =~ m/^\s*([^=\s]+?)(?:\s*=\s*(.*?)\s*)?$/)
      ) {
         push @args, grep { defined $_ } ("$prefix$opt", $arg);
      }
      elsif ( $line =~ m/./ ) {
         push @args, $line;
      }
      else {
         die "Syntax error in file $filename at line $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER";
      }
   }
   close $fh;
   return @args;
}

sub read_para_after {
   my ( $self, $file, $regex ) = @_;
   open my $fh, "<", $file or die "Can't open $file: $OS_ERROR";
   local $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR = '';
   my $para;
   while ( $para = <$fh> ) {
      next unless $para =~ m/^=pod$/m;
      last;
   }
   while ( $para = <$fh> ) {
      next unless $para =~ m/$regex/;
      last;
   }
   $para = <$fh>;
   chomp($para);
   close $fh or die "Can't close $file: $OS_ERROR";
   return $para;
}

sub clone {
   my ( $self ) = @_;

   my %clone = map {
      my $hashref  = $self->{$_};
      my $val_copy = {};
      foreach my $key ( keys %$hashref ) {
         my $ref = ref $hashref->{$key};
         $val_copy->{$key} = !$ref           ? $hashref->{$key}
                           : $ref eq 'HASH'  ? { %{$hashref->{$key}} }
                           : $ref eq 'ARRAY' ? [ @{$hashref->{$key}} ]
                           : $hashref->{$key};
      }
      $_ => $val_copy;
   } qw(opts short_opts defaults);

   foreach my $scalar ( qw(got_opts) ) {
      $clone{$scalar} = $self->{$scalar};
   }

   return bless \%clone;
}

sub _parse_size {
   my ( $self, $opt, $val ) = @_;

   if ( lc($val || '') eq 'null' ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d('NULL size for', $opt->{long});
      $opt->{value} = 'null';
      return;
   }

   my %factor_for = (k => 1_024, M => 1_048_576, G => 1_073_741_824);
   my ($pre, $num, $factor) = $val =~ m/^([+-])?(\d+)([kMG])?$/;
   if ( defined $num ) {
      if ( $factor ) {
         $num *= $factor_for{$factor};
         PTDEBUG && _d('Setting option', $opt->{y},
            'to num', $num, '* factor', $factor);
      }
      $opt->{value} = ($pre || '') . $num;
   }
   else {
      $self->save_error("Invalid size for --$opt->{long}: $val");
   }
   return;
}

sub _parse_attribs {
   my ( $self, $option, $attribs ) = @_;
   my $types = $self->{types};
   return $option
      . ($attribs->{'short form'} ? '|' . $attribs->{'short form'}   : '' )
      . ($attribs->{'negatable'}  ? '!'                              : '' )
      . ($attribs->{'cumulative'} ? '+'                              : '' )
      . ($attribs->{'type'}       ? '=' . $types->{$attribs->{type}} : '' );
}

sub _parse_synopsis {
   my ( $self, $file ) = @_;
   $file ||= $self->{file} || __FILE__;
   PTDEBUG && _d("Parsing SYNOPSIS in", $file);

   local $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR = '';  # read paragraphs
   open my $fh, "<", $file or die "Cannot open $file: $OS_ERROR";
   my $para;
   1 while defined($para = <$fh>) && $para !~ m/^=head1 SYNOPSIS/;
   die "$file does not contain a SYNOPSIS section" unless $para;
   my @synop;
   for ( 1..2 ) {  # 1 for the usage, 2 for the description
      my $para = <$fh>;
      push @synop, $para;
   }
   close $fh;
   PTDEBUG && _d("Raw SYNOPSIS text:", @synop);
   my ($usage, $desc) = @synop;
   die "The SYNOPSIS section in $file is not formatted properly"
      unless $usage && $desc;

   $usage =~ s/^\s*Usage:\s+(.+)/$1/;
   chomp $usage;

   $desc =~ s/\n/ /g;
   $desc =~ s/\s{2,}/ /g;
   $desc =~ s/\. ([A-Z][a-z])/.  $1/g;
   $desc =~ s/\s+$//;

   return (
      description => $desc,
      usage       => $usage,
   );
};

sub set_vars {
   my ($self, $file) = @_;
   $file ||= $self->{file} || __FILE__;

   my %user_vars;
   my $user_vars = $self->has('set-vars') ? $self->get('set-vars') : undef;
   if ( $user_vars ) {
      foreach my $var_val ( @$user_vars ) {
         my ($var, $val) = $var_val =~ m/([^\s=]+)=(\S+)/;
         die "Invalid --set-vars value: $var_val\n" unless $var && defined $val;
         $user_vars{$var} = {
            val     => $val,
            default => 0,
         };
      }
   }

   my %default_vars;
   my $default_vars = $self->read_para_after($file, qr/MAGIC_set_vars/);
   if ( $default_vars ) {
      %default_vars = map {
         my $var_val = $_;
         my ($var, $val) = $var_val =~ m/([^\s=]+)=(\S+)/;
         die "Invalid --set-vars value: $var_val\n" unless $var && defined $val;
         $var => {
            val     => $val,
            default => 1,
         };
      } split("\n", $default_vars);
   }

   my %vars = (
      %default_vars, # first the tool's defaults
      %user_vars,    # then the user's which overwrite the defaults
   );
   PTDEBUG && _d('--set-vars:', Dumper(\%vars));
   return \%vars;
}

sub _d {
   my ($package, undef, $line) = caller 0;
   @_ = map { (my $temp = $_) =~ s/\n/\n# /g; $temp; }
        map { defined $_ ? $_ : 'undef' }
        @_;
   print STDERR "# $package:$line $PID ", join(' ', @_), "\n";
}

if ( PTDEBUG ) {
   print STDERR '# ', $^X, ' ', $], "\n";
   if ( my $uname = `uname -a` ) {
      $uname =~ s/\s+/ /g;
      print STDERR "# $uname\n";
   }
   print STDERR '# Arguments: ',
      join(' ', map { my $a = "_[$_]_"; $a =~ s/\n/\n# /g; $a; } @ARGV), "\n";
}

1;
}
# ###########################################################################
# End OptionParser package
# ###########################################################################

# ###########################################################################
# Lmo::Utils package
# This package is a copy without comments from the original.  The original
# with comments and its test file can be found in the GitHub repository at,
#   lib/Lmo/Utils.pm
#   t/lib/Lmo/Utils.t
# See https://github.com/percona/percona-toolkit for more information.
# ###########################################################################
{
package Lmo::Utils;

use strict;
use warnings qw( FATAL all );
require Exporter;
our (@ISA, @EXPORT, @EXPORT_OK);

BEGIN {
   @ISA = qw(Exporter);
   @EXPORT = @EXPORT_OK = qw(
      _install_coderef
      _unimport_coderefs
      _glob_for
      _stash_for
   );
}

{
   no strict 'refs';
   sub _glob_for {
      return \*{shift()}
   }

   sub _stash_for {
      return \%{ shift() . "::" };
   }
}

sub _install_coderef {
   my ($to, $code) = @_;

   return *{ _glob_for $to } = $code;
}

sub _unimport_coderefs {
   my ($target, @names) = @_;
   return unless @names;
   my $stash = _stash_for($target);
   foreach my $name (@names) {
      if ($stash->{$name} and defined(&{$stash->{$name}})) {
         delete $stash->{$name};
      }
   }
}

1;
}
# ###########################################################################
# End Lmo::Utils package
# ###########################################################################

# ###########################################################################
# Lmo::Meta package
# This package is a copy without comments from the original.  The original
# with comments and its test file can be found in the GitHub repository at,
#   lib/Lmo/Meta.pm
#   t/lib/Lmo/Meta.t
# See https://github.com/percona/percona-toolkit for more information.
# ###########################################################################
{
package Lmo::Meta;
use strict;
use warnings qw( FATAL all );

my %metadata_for;

sub new {
   my $class = shift;
   return bless { @_ }, $class
}

sub metadata_for {
   my $self    = shift;
   my ($class) = @_;

   return $metadata_for{$class} ||= {};
}

sub class { shift->{class} }

sub attributes {
   my $self = shift;
   return keys %{$self->metadata_for($self->class)}
}

sub attributes_for_new {
   my $self = shift;
   my @attributes;

   my $class_metadata = $self->metadata_for($self->class);
   while ( my ($attr, $meta) = each %$class_metadata ) {
      if ( exists $meta->{init_arg} ) {
         push @attributes, $meta->{init_arg}
               if defined $meta->{init_arg};
      }
      else {
         push @attributes, $attr;
      }
   }
   return @attributes;
}

1;
}
# ###########################################################################
# End Lmo::Meta package
# ###########################################################################

# ###########################################################################
# Lmo::Object package
# This package is a copy without comments from the original.  The original
# with comments and its test file can be found in the GitHub repository at,
#   lib/Lmo/Object.pm
#   t/lib/Lmo/Object.t
# See https://github.com/percona/percona-toolkit for more information.
# ###########################################################################
{
package Lmo::Object;

use strict;
use warnings qw( FATAL all );

use Carp ();
use Scalar::Util qw(blessed);

use Lmo::Meta;
use Lmo::Utils qw(_glob_for);

sub new {
   my $class = shift;
   my $args  = $class->BUILDARGS(@_);

   my $class_metadata = Lmo::Meta->metadata_for($class);

   my @args_to_delete;
   while ( my ($attr, $meta) = each %$class_metadata ) {
      next unless exists $meta->{init_arg};
      my $init_arg = $meta->{init_arg};

      if ( defined $init_arg ) {
         $args->{$attr} = delete $args->{$init_arg};
      }
      else {
         push @args_to_delete, $attr;
      }
   }

   delete $args->{$_} for @args_to_delete;

   for my $attribute ( keys %$args ) {
      if ( my $coerce = $class_metadata->{$attribute}{coerce} ) {
         $args->{$attribute} = $coerce->($args->{$attribute});
      }
      if ( my $isa_check = $class_metadata->{$attribute}{isa} ) {
         my ($check_name, $check_sub) = @$isa_check;
         $check_sub->($args->{$attribute});
      }
   }

   while ( my ($attribute, $meta) = each %$class_metadata ) {
      next unless $meta->{required};
      Carp::confess("Attribute ($attribute) is required for $class")
         if ! exists $args->{$attribute}
   }

   my $self = bless $args, $class;

   my @build_subs;
   my $linearized_isa = mro::get_linear_isa($class);

   for my $isa_class ( @$linearized_isa ) {
      unshift @build_subs, *{ _glob_for "${isa_class}::BUILD" }{CODE};
   }
   my @args = %$args;
   for my $sub (grep { defined($_) && exists &$_ } @build_subs) {
      $sub->( $self, @args);
   }
   return $self;
}

sub BUILDARGS {
   shift; # No need for the classname
   if ( @_ == 1 && ref($_[0]) ) {
      Carp::confess("Single parameters to new() must be a HASH ref, not $_[0]")
         unless ref($_[0]) eq ref({});
      return {%{$_[0]}} # We want a new reference, always
   }
   else {
      return { @_ };
   }
}

sub meta {
   my $class = shift;
   $class    = Scalar::Util::blessed($class) || $class;
   return Lmo::Meta->new(class => $class);
}

1;
}
# ###########################################################################
# End Lmo::Object package
# ###########################################################################

# ###########################################################################
# Lmo::Types package
# This package is a copy without comments from the original.  The original
# with comments and its test file can be found in the GitHub repository at,
#   lib/Lmo/Types.pm
#   t/lib/Lmo/Types.t
# See https://github.com/percona/percona-toolkit for more information.
# ###########################################################################
{
package Lmo::Types;

use strict;
use warnings qw( FATAL all );

use Carp ();
use Scalar::Util qw(looks_like_number blessed);


our %TYPES = (
   Bool   => sub { !$_[0] || (defined $_[0] && looks_like_number($_[0]) && $_[0] == 1) },
   Num    => sub { defined $_[0] && looks_like_number($_[0]) },
   Int    => sub { defined $_[0] && looks_like_number($_[0]) && $_[0] == int($_[0]) },
   Str    => sub { defined $_[0] },
   Object => sub { defined $_[0] && blessed($_[0]) },
   FileHandle => sub { local $@; require IO::Handle; fileno($_[0]) && $_[0]->opened },

   map {
      my $type = /R/ ? $_ : uc $_;
      $_ . "Ref" => sub { ref $_[0] eq $type }
   } qw(Array Code Hash Regexp Glob Scalar)
);

sub check_type_constraints {
   my ($attribute, $type_check, $check_name, $val) = @_;
   ( ref($type_check) eq 'CODE'
      ? $type_check->($val)
      : (ref $val eq $type_check
         || ($val && $val eq $type_check)
         || (exists $TYPES{$type_check} && $TYPES{$type_check}->($val)))
   )
   || Carp::confess(
        qq<Attribute ($attribute) does not pass the type constraint because: >
      . qq<Validation failed for '$check_name' with value >
      . (defined $val ? Lmo::Dumper($val) : 'undef') )
}

sub _nested_constraints {
   my ($attribute, $aggregate_type, $type) = @_;

   my $inner_types;
   if ( $type =~ /\A(ArrayRef|Maybe)\[(.*)\]\z/ ) {
      $inner_types = _nested_constraints($1, $2);
   }
   else {
      $inner_types = $TYPES{$type};
   }

   if ( $aggregate_type eq 'ArrayRef' ) {
      return sub {
         my ($val) = @_;
         return unless ref($val) eq ref([]);

         if ($inner_types) {
            for my $value ( @{$val} ) {
               return unless $inner_types->($value)
            }
         }
         else {
            for my $value ( @{$val} ) {
               return unless $value && ($value eq $type
                        || (Scalar::Util::blessed($value) && $value->isa($type)));
            }
         }
         return 1;
      };
   }
   elsif ( $aggregate_type eq 'Maybe' ) {
      return sub {
         my ($value) = @_;
         return 1 if ! defined($value);
         if ($inner_types) {
            return unless $inner_types->($value)
         }
         else {
            return unless $value eq $type
                        || (Scalar::Util::blessed($value) && $value->isa($type));
         }
         return 1;
      }
   }
   else {
      Carp::confess("Nested aggregate types are only implemented for ArrayRefs and Maybe");
   }
}

1;
}
# ###########################################################################
# End Lmo::Types package
# ###########################################################################

# ###########################################################################
# Lmo package
# This package is a copy without comments from the original.  The original
# with comments and its test file can be found in the GitHub repository at,
#   lib/Lmo.pm
#   t/lib/Lmo.t
# See https://github.com/percona/percona-toolkit for more information.
# ###########################################################################
{
BEGIN {
$INC{"Lmo.pm"} = __FILE__;
package Lmo;
our $VERSION = '0.30_Percona'; # Forked from 0.30 of Mo.


use strict;
use warnings qw( FATAL all );

use Carp ();
use Scalar::Util qw(looks_like_number blessed);

use Lmo::Meta;
use Lmo::Object;
use Lmo::Types;

use Lmo::Utils;

my %export_for;
sub import {
   warnings->import(qw(FATAL all));
   strict->import();

   my $caller     = scalar caller(); # Caller's package
   my %exports = (
      extends  => \&extends,
      has      => \&has,
      with     => \&with,
      override => \&override,
      confess  => \&Carp::confess,
   );

   $export_for{$caller} = \%exports;

   for my $keyword ( keys %exports ) {
      _install_coderef "${caller}::$keyword" => $exports{$keyword};
   }

   if ( !@{ *{ _glob_for "${caller}::ISA" }{ARRAY} || [] } ) {
      @_ = "Lmo::Object";
      goto *{ _glob_for "${caller}::extends" }{CODE};
   }
}

sub extends {
   my $caller = scalar caller();
   for my $class ( @_ ) {
      _load_module($class);
   }
   _set_package_isa($caller, @_);
   _set_inherited_metadata($caller);
}

sub _load_module {
   my ($class) = @_;

   (my $file = $class) =~ s{::|'}{/}g;
   $file .= '.pm';
   { local $@; eval { require "$file" } } # or warn $@;
   return;
}

sub with {
   my $package = scalar caller();
   require Role::Tiny;
   for my $role ( @_ ) {
      _load_module($role);
      _role_attribute_metadata($package, $role);
   }
   Role::Tiny->apply_roles_to_package($package, @_);
}

sub _role_attribute_metadata {
   my ($package, $role) = @_;

   my $package_meta = Lmo::Meta->metadata_for($package);
   my $role_meta    = Lmo::Meta->metadata_for($role);

   %$package_meta = (%$role_meta, %$package_meta);
}

sub has {
   my $names  = shift;
   my $caller = scalar caller();

   my $class_metadata = Lmo::Meta->metadata_for($caller);

   for my $attribute ( ref $names ? @$names : $names ) {
      my %args   = @_;
      my $method = ($args{is} || '') eq 'ro'
         ? sub {
            Carp::confess("Cannot assign a value to a read-only accessor at reader ${caller}::${attribute}")
               if $#_;
            return $_[0]{$attribute};
         }
         : sub {
            return $#_
                  ? $_[0]{$attribute} = $_[1]
                  : $_[0]{$attribute};
         };

      $class_metadata->{$attribute} = ();

      if ( my $type_check = $args{isa} ) {
         my $check_name = $type_check;

         if ( my ($aggregate_type, $inner_type) = $type_check =~ /\A(ArrayRef|Maybe)\[(.*)\]\z/ ) {
            $type_check = Lmo::Types::_nested_constraints($attribute, $aggregate_type, $inner_type);
         }

         my $check_sub = sub {
            my ($new_val) = @_;
            Lmo::Types::check_type_constraints($attribute, $type_check, $check_name, $new_val);
         };

         $class_metadata->{$attribute}{isa} = [$check_name, $check_sub];
         my $orig_method = $method;
         $method = sub {
            $check_sub->($_[1]) if $#_;
            goto &$orig_method;
         };
      }

      if ( my $builder = $args{builder} ) {
         my $original_method = $method;
         $method = sub {
               $#_
                  ? goto &$original_method
                  : ! exists $_[0]{$attribute}
                     ? $_[0]{$attribute} = $_[0]->$builder
                     : goto &$original_method
         };
      }

      if ( my $code = $args{default} ) {
         Carp::confess("${caller}::${attribute}'s default is $code, but should be a coderef")
               unless ref($code) eq 'CODE';
         my $original_method = $method;
         $method = sub {
               $#_
                  ? goto &$original_method
                  : ! exists $_[0]{$attribute}
                     ? $_[0]{$attribute} = $_[0]->$code
                     : goto &$original_method
         };
      }

      if ( my $role = $args{does} ) {
         my $original_method = $method;
         $method = sub {
            if ( $#_ ) {
               Carp::confess(qq<Attribute ($attribute) doesn't consume a '$role' role">)
                  unless Scalar::Util::blessed($_[1]) && eval { $_[1]->does($role) }
            }
            goto &$original_method
         };
      }

      if ( my $coercion = $args{coerce} ) {
         $class_metadata->{$attribute}{coerce} = $coercion;
         my $original_method = $method;
         $method = sub {
            if ( $#_ ) {
               return $original_method->($_[0], $coercion->($_[1]))
            }
            goto &$original_method;
         }
      }

      _install_coderef "${caller}::$attribute" => $method;

      if ( $args{required} ) {
         $class_metadata->{$attribute}{required} = 1;
      }

      if ($args{clearer}) {
         _install_coderef "${caller}::$args{clearer}"
            => sub { delete shift->{$attribute} }
      }

      if ($args{predicate}) {
         _install_coderef "${caller}::$args{predicate}"
            => sub { exists shift->{$attribute} }
      }

      if ($args{handles}) {
         _has_handles($caller, $attribute, \%args);
      }

      if (exists $args{init_arg}) {
         $class_metadata->{$attribute}{init_arg} = $args{init_arg};
      }
   }
}

sub _has_handles {
   my ($caller, $attribute, $args) = @_;
   my $handles = $args->{handles};

   my $ref = ref $handles;
   my $kv;
   if ( $ref eq ref [] ) {
         $kv = { map { $_,$_ } @{$handles} };
   }
   elsif ( $ref eq ref {} ) {
         $kv = $handles;
   }
   elsif ( $ref eq ref qr// ) {
         Carp::confess("Cannot delegate methods based on a Regexp without a type constraint (isa)")
            unless $args->{isa};
         my $target_class = $args->{isa};
         $kv = {
            map   { $_, $_     }
            grep  { $_ =~ $handles }
            grep  { !exists $Lmo::Object::{$_} && $target_class->can($_) }
            grep  { !$export_for{$target_class}->{$_} }
            keys %{ _stash_for $target_class }
         };
   }
   else {
         Carp::confess("handles for $ref not yet implemented");
   }

   while ( my ($method, $target) = each %{$kv} ) {
         my $name = _glob_for "${caller}::$method";
         Carp::confess("You cannot overwrite a locally defined method ($method) with a delegation")
            if defined &$name;

         my ($target, @curried_args) = ref($target) ? @$target : $target;
         *$name = sub {
            my $self        = shift;
            my $delegate_to = $self->$attribute();
            my $error = "Cannot delegate $method to $target because the value of $attribute";
            Carp::confess("$error is not defined") unless $delegate_to;
            Carp::confess("$error is not an object (got '$delegate_to')")
               unless Scalar::Util::blessed($delegate_to) || (!ref($delegate_to) && $delegate_to->can($target));
            return $delegate_to->$target(@curried_args, @_);
         }
   }
}

sub _set_package_isa {
   my ($package, @new_isa) = @_;
   my $package_isa  = \*{ _glob_for "${package}::ISA" };
   @{*$package_isa} = @new_isa;
}

sub _set_inherited_metadata {
   my $class = shift;
   my $class_metadata = Lmo::Meta->metadata_for($class);
   my $linearized_isa = mro::get_linear_isa($class);
   my %new_metadata;

   for my $isa_class (reverse @$linearized_isa) {
      my $isa_metadata = Lmo::Meta->metadata_for($isa_class);
      %new_metadata = (
         %new_metadata,
         %$isa_metadata,
      );
   }
   %$class_metadata = %new_metadata;
}

sub unimport {
   my $caller = scalar caller();
   my $target = caller;
  _unimport_coderefs($target, keys %{$export_for{$caller}});
}

sub Dumper {
   require Data::Dumper;
   local $Data::Dumper::Indent    = 0;
   local $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys  = 0;
   local $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys = 0;
   local $Data::Dumper::Terse     = 1;

   Data::Dumper::Dumper(@_)
}

BEGIN {
   if ($] >= 5.010) {
      { local $@; require mro; }
   }
   else {
      local $@;
      eval {
         require MRO::Compat;
      } or do {
         *mro::get_linear_isa = *mro::get_linear_isa_dfs = sub {
            no strict 'refs';

            my $classname = shift;

            my @lin = ($classname);
            my %stored;
            foreach my $parent (@{"$classname\::ISA"}) {
               my $plin = mro::get_linear_isa_dfs($parent);
               foreach (@$plin) {
                     next if exists $stored{$_};
                     push(@lin, $_);
                     $stored{$_} = 1;
               }
            }
            return \@lin;
         };
      }
   }
}

sub override {
   my ($methods, $code) = @_;
   my $caller          = scalar caller;

   for my $method ( ref($methods) ? @$methods : $methods ) {
      my $full_method     = "${caller}::${method}";
      *{_glob_for $full_method} = $code;
   }
}

}
1;
}
# ###########################################################################
# End Lmo package
# ###########################################################################

# ###########################################################################
# VersionParser package
# This package is a copy without comments from the original.  The original
# with comments and its test file can be found in the GitHub repository at,
#   lib/VersionParser.pm
#   t/lib/VersionParser.t
# See https://github.com/percona/percona-toolkit for more information.
# ###########################################################################
{
package VersionParser;

use Lmo;
use Scalar::Util qw(blessed);
use English qw(-no_match_vars);
use constant PTDEBUG => $ENV{PTDEBUG} || 0;

use overload (
   '""'     => "version",
   '<=>'    => "cmp",
   'cmp'    => "cmp",
   fallback => 1,
);

use Carp ();

has major => (
    is       => 'ro',
    isa      => 'Int',
    required => 1,
);

has [qw( minor revision )] => (
    is  => 'ro',
    isa => 'Num',
);

has flavor => (
    is      => 'ro',
    isa     => 'Str',
    default => sub { 'Unknown' },
);

has innodb_version => (
    is      => 'ro',
    isa     => 'Str',
    default => sub { 'NO' },
);

sub series {
   my $self = shift;
   return $self->_join_version($self->major, $self->minor);
}

sub version {
   my $self = shift;
   return $self->_join_version($self->major, $self->minor, $self->revision);
}

sub is_in {
   my ($self, $target) = @_;

   return $self eq $target;
}

sub _join_version {
    my ($self, @parts) = @_;

    return join ".", map { my $c = $_; $c =~ s/^0\./0/; $c } grep defined, @parts;
}
sub _split_version {
   my ($self, $str) = @_;
   my @version_parts = map { s/^0(?=\d)/0./; $_ } $str =~ m/(\d+)/g;
   return @version_parts[0..2];
}

sub normalized_version {
   my ( $self ) = @_;
   my $result = sprintf('%d%02d%02d', map { $_ || 0 } $self->major,
                                                      $self->minor,
                                                      $self->revision);
   PTDEBUG && _d($self->version, 'normalizes to', $result);
   return $result;
}

sub comment {
   my ( $self, $cmd ) = @_;
   my $v = $self->normalized_version();

   return "/*!$v $cmd */"
}

my @methods = qw(major minor revision);
sub cmp {
   my ($left, $right) = @_;
   my $right_obj = (blessed($right) && $right->isa(ref($left)))
                   ? $right
                   : ref($left)->new($right);

   my $retval = 0;
   for my $m ( @methods ) {
      last unless defined($left->$m) && defined($right_obj->$m);
      $retval = $left->$m <=> $right_obj->$m;
      last if $retval;
   }
   return $retval;
}

sub BUILDARGS {
   my $self = shift;

   if ( @_ == 1 ) {
      my %args;
      if ( blessed($_[0]) && $_[0]->can("selectrow_hashref") ) {
         PTDEBUG && _d("VersionParser got a dbh, trying to get the version");
         my $dbh = $_[0];
         local $dbh->{FetchHashKeyName} = 'NAME_lc';
         my $query = eval {
            $dbh->selectall_arrayref(q/SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'version%'/, { Slice => {} })
         };
         if ( $query ) {
            $query = { map { $_->{variable_name} => $_->{value} } @$query };
            @args{@methods} = $self->_split_version($query->{version});
            $args{flavor} = delete $query->{version_comment}
                  if $query->{version_comment};
         }
         elsif ( eval { ($query) = $dbh->selectrow_array(q/SELECT VERSION()/) } ) {
            @args{@methods} = $self->_split_version($query);
         }
         else {
            Carp::confess("Couldn't get the version from the dbh while "
                        . "creating a VersionParser object: $@");
         }
         $args{innodb_version} = eval { $self->_innodb_version($dbh) };
      }
      elsif ( !ref($_[0]) ) {
         @args{@methods} = $self->_split_version($_[0]);
      }

      for my $method (@methods) {
         delete $args{$method} unless defined $args{$method};
      }
      @_ = %args if %args;
   }

   return $self->SUPER::BUILDARGS(@_);
}

sub _innodb_version {
   my ( $self, $dbh ) = @_;
   return unless $dbh;
   my $innodb_version = "NO";

   my ($innodb) =
      grep { $_->{engine} =~ m/InnoDB/i }
      map  {
         my %hash;
         @hash{ map { lc $_ } keys %$_ } = values %$_;
         \%hash;
      }
      @{ $dbh->selectall_arrayref("SHOW ENGINES", {Slice=>{}}) };
   if ( $innodb ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d("InnoDB support:", $innodb->{support});
      if ( $innodb->{support} =~ m/YES|DEFAULT/i ) {
         my $vars = $dbh->selectrow_hashref(
            "SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'innodb_version'");
         $innodb_version = !$vars ? "BUILTIN"
                         :          ($vars->{Value} || $vars->{value});
      }
      else {
         $innodb_version = $innodb->{support};  # probably DISABLED or NO
      }
   }

   PTDEBUG && _d("InnoDB version:", $innodb_version);
   return $innodb_version;
}

sub _d {
   my ($package, undef, $line) = caller 0;
   @_ = map { (my $temp = $_) =~ s/\n/\n# /g; $temp; }
        map { defined $_ ? $_ : 'undef' }
        @_;
   print STDERR "# $package:$line $PID ", join(' ', @_), "\n";
}

no Lmo;
1;
}
# ###########################################################################
# End VersionParser package
# ###########################################################################

# ###########################################################################
# DSNParser package
# This package is a copy without comments from the original.  The original
# with comments and its test file can be found in the GitHub repository at,
#   lib/DSNParser.pm
#   t/lib/DSNParser.t
# See https://github.com/percona/percona-toolkit for more information.
# ###########################################################################
{
package DSNParser;

use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';
use English qw(-no_match_vars);
use constant PTDEBUG => $ENV{PTDEBUG} || 0;

use Data::Dumper;
$Data::Dumper::Indent    = 0;
$Data::Dumper::Quotekeys = 0;

my $dsn_sep = qr/(?<!\\),/;

eval {
   require DBI;
};
my $have_dbi = $EVAL_ERROR ? 0 : 1;

sub new {
   my ( $class, %args ) = @_;
   foreach my $arg ( qw(opts) ) {
      die "I need a $arg argument" unless $args{$arg};
   }
   my $self = {
      opts => {}  # h, P, u, etc.  Should come from DSN OPTIONS section in POD.
   };
   foreach my $opt ( @{$args{opts}} ) {
      if ( !$opt->{key} || !$opt->{desc} ) {
         die "Invalid DSN option: ", Dumper($opt);
      }
      PTDEBUG && _d('DSN option:',
         join(', ',
            map { "$_=" . (defined $opt->{$_} ? ($opt->{$_} || '') : 'undef') }
               keys %$opt
         )
      );
      $self->{opts}->{$opt->{key}} = {
         dsn  => $opt->{dsn},
         desc => $opt->{desc},
         copy => $opt->{copy} || 0,
      };
   }
   return bless $self, $class;
}

sub prop {
   my ( $self, $prop, $value ) = @_;
   if ( @_ > 2 ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d('Setting', $prop, 'property');
      $self->{$prop} = $value;
   }
   return $self->{$prop};
}

sub parse {
   my ( $self, $dsn, $prev, $defaults ) = @_;
   if ( !$dsn ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d('No DSN to parse');
      return;
   }
   PTDEBUG && _d('Parsing', $dsn);
   $prev     ||= {};
   $defaults ||= {};
   my %given_props;
   my %final_props;
   my $opts = $self->{opts};

   foreach my $dsn_part ( split($dsn_sep, $dsn) ) {
      $dsn_part =~ s/\\,/,/g;
      if ( my ($prop_key, $prop_val) = $dsn_part =~  m/^(.)=(.*)$/ ) {
         $given_props{$prop_key} = $prop_val;
      }
      else {
         PTDEBUG && _d('Interpreting', $dsn_part, 'as h=', $dsn_part);
         $given_props{h} = $dsn_part;
      }
   }

   foreach my $key ( keys %$opts ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d('Finding value for', $key);
      $final_props{$key} = $given_props{$key};
      if ( !defined $final_props{$key}
           && defined $prev->{$key} && $opts->{$key}->{copy} )
      {
         $final_props{$key} = $prev->{$key};
         PTDEBUG && _d('Copying value for', $key, 'from previous DSN');
      }
      if ( !defined $final_props{$key} ) {
         $final_props{$key} = $defaults->{$key};
         PTDEBUG && _d('Copying value for', $key, 'from defaults');
      }
   }

   foreach my $key ( keys %given_props ) {
      die "Unknown DSN option '$key' in '$dsn'.  For more details, "
            . "please use the --help option, or try 'perldoc $PROGRAM_NAME' "
            . "for complete documentation."
         unless exists $opts->{$key};
   }
   if ( (my $required = $self->prop('required')) ) {
      foreach my $key ( keys %$required ) {
         die "Missing required DSN option '$key' in '$dsn'.  For more details, "
               . "please use the --help option, or try 'perldoc $PROGRAM_NAME' "
               . "for complete documentation."
            unless $final_props{$key};
      }
   }

   return \%final_props;
}

sub parse_options {
   my ( $self, $o ) = @_;
   die 'I need an OptionParser object' unless ref $o eq 'OptionParser';
   my $dsn_string
      = join(',',
          map  { "$_=".$o->get($_); }
          grep { $o->has($_) && $o->get($_) }
          keys %{$self->{opts}}
        );
   PTDEBUG && _d('DSN string made from options:', $dsn_string);
   return $self->parse($dsn_string);
}

sub as_string {
   my ( $self, $dsn, $props ) = @_;
   return $dsn unless ref $dsn;
   my @keys = $props ? @$props : sort keys %$dsn;
   return join(',',
      map  { "$_=" . ($_ eq 'p' ? '...' : $dsn->{$_}) }
      grep {
         exists $self->{opts}->{$_}
         && exists $dsn->{$_}
         && defined $dsn->{$_}
      } @keys);
}

sub usage {
   my ( $self ) = @_;
   my $usage
      = "DSN syntax is key=value[,key=value...]  Allowable DSN keys:\n\n"
      . "  KEY  COPY  MEANING\n"
      . "  ===  ====  =============================================\n";
   my %opts = %{$self->{opts}};
   foreach my $key ( sort keys %opts ) {
      $usage .= "  $key    "
             .  ($opts{$key}->{copy} ? 'yes   ' : 'no    ')
             .  ($opts{$key}->{desc} || '[No description]')
             . "\n";
   }
   $usage .= "\n  If the DSN is a bareword, the word is treated as the 'h' key.\n";
   return $usage;
}

sub get_cxn_params {
   my ( $self, $info ) = @_;
   my $dsn;
   my %opts = %{$self->{opts}};
   my $driver = $self->prop('dbidriver') || '';
   if ( $driver eq 'Pg' ) {
      $dsn = 'DBI:Pg:dbname=' . ( $info->{D} || '' ) . ';'
         . join(';', map  { "$opts{$_}->{dsn}=$info->{$_}" }
                     grep { defined $info->{$_} }
                     qw(h P));
   }
   else {
      $dsn = 'DBI:mysql:' . ( $info->{D} || '' ) . ';'
         . join(';', map  { "$opts{$_}->{dsn}=$info->{$_}" }
                     grep { defined $info->{$_} }
                     qw(F h P S A))
         . ';mysql_read_default_group=client'
         . ($info->{L} ? ';mysql_local_infile=1' : '');
   }
   PTDEBUG && _d($dsn);
   return ($dsn, $info->{u}, $info->{p});
}

sub fill_in_dsn {
   my ( $self, $dbh, $dsn ) = @_;
   my $vars = $dbh->selectall_hashref('SHOW VARIABLES', 'Variable_name');
   my ($user, $db) = $dbh->selectrow_array('SELECT USER(), DATABASE()');
   $user =~ s/@.*//;
   $dsn->{h} ||= $vars->{hostname}->{Value};
   $dsn->{S} ||= $vars->{'socket'}->{Value};
   $dsn->{P} ||= $vars->{port}->{Value};
   $dsn->{u} ||= $user;
   $dsn->{D} ||= $db;
}

sub get_dbh {
   my ( $self, $cxn_string, $user, $pass, $opts ) = @_;
   $opts ||= {};
   my $defaults = {
      AutoCommit         => 0,
      RaiseError         => 1,
      PrintError         => 0,
      ShowErrorStatement => 1,
      mysql_enable_utf8 => ($cxn_string =~ m/charset=utf8/i ? 1 : 0),
   };
   @{$defaults}{ keys %$opts } = values %$opts;
   if (delete $defaults->{L}) { # L for LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE, our own extension
      $defaults->{mysql_local_infile} = 1;
   }

   if ( $opts->{mysql_use_result} ) {
      $defaults->{mysql_use_result} = 1;
   }

   if ( !$have_dbi ) {
      die "Cannot connect to MySQL because the Perl DBI module is not "
         . "installed or not found.  Run 'perl -MDBI' to see the directories "
         . "that Perl searches for DBI.  If DBI is not installed, try:\n"
         . "  Debian/Ubuntu  apt-get install libdbi-perl\n"
         . "  RHEL/CentOS    yum install perl-DBI\n"
         . "  OpenSolaris    pkg install pkg:/SUNWpmdbi\n";

   }

   my $dbh;
   my $tries = 2;
   while ( !$dbh && $tries-- ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d($cxn_string, ' ', $user, ' ', $pass,
         join(', ', map { "$_=>$defaults->{$_}" } keys %$defaults ));

      $dbh = eval { DBI->connect($cxn_string, $user, $pass, $defaults) };

      if ( !$dbh && $EVAL_ERROR ) {
         if ( $EVAL_ERROR =~ m/locate DBD\/mysql/i ) {
            die "Cannot connect to MySQL because the Perl DBD::mysql module is "
               . "not installed or not found.  Run 'perl -MDBD::mysql' to see "
               . "the directories that Perl searches for DBD::mysql.  If "
               . "DBD::mysql is not installed, try:\n"
               . "  Debian/Ubuntu  apt-get install libdbd-mysql-perl\n"
               . "  RHEL/CentOS    yum install perl-DBD-MySQL\n"
               . "  OpenSolaris    pkg install pkg:/SUNWapu13dbd-mysql\n";
         }
         elsif ( $EVAL_ERROR =~ m/not a compiled character set|character set utf8/ ) {
            PTDEBUG && _d('Going to try again without utf8 support');
            delete $defaults->{mysql_enable_utf8};
         }
         if ( !$tries ) {
            die $EVAL_ERROR;
         }
      }
   }

   if ( $cxn_string =~ m/mysql/i ) {
      my $sql;

      my ($charset) = $cxn_string =~ m/charset=([\w]+)/;
      if ( $charset ) {
         $sql = qq{/*!40101 SET NAMES "$charset"*/};
         PTDEBUG && _d($dbh, $sql);
         eval { $dbh->do($sql) };
         if ( $EVAL_ERROR ) {
            die "Error setting NAMES to $charset: $EVAL_ERROR";
         }
      }
      else {
         my ($mysql_version) = eval { $dbh->selectrow_array('SELECT VERSION()') };
         if ( $EVAL_ERROR ) {
            die "Cannot get MySQL version: $EVAL_ERROR";
         }
         my (undef, $character_set_server) = eval { $dbh->selectrow_array("SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set_server'") };
         if ( $EVAL_ERROR ) {
            die "Cannot get MySQL var character_set_server: $EVAL_ERROR";
         }

         if ( $mysql_version =~ m/^(\d+)\.(\d)\.(\d+).*/ ) {
            if ( $1 >= 8 && $character_set_server =~ m/^utf8/ ) {
               $dbh->{mysql_enable_utf8} = 1;
               $charset = $character_set_server;
               my $msg = "MySQL version $mysql_version >= 8 and character_set_server = $character_set_server\n".
                        "Setting: SET NAMES $character_set_server";
               PTDEBUG && _d($msg);
               eval { $dbh->do("SET NAMES '$character_set_server'") };
               if ( $EVAL_ERROR ) {
                  die "Cannot SET NAMES $character_set_server: $EVAL_ERROR";
               }
            }
         }
      }
      PTDEBUG && _d('Enabling charset for STDOUT');
      if ( $charset && $charset =~ m/^utf8/ ) {
         binmode(STDOUT, ':utf8')
            or die "Can't binmode(STDOUT, ':utf8'): $OS_ERROR";
         binmode(STDERR, ':utf8')
            or die "Can't binmode(STDERR, ':utf8'): $OS_ERROR";
      }
      else {
         binmode(STDOUT) or die "Can't binmode(STDOUT): $OS_ERROR";
      }

      if ( my $vars = $self->prop('set-vars') ) {
         $self->set_vars($dbh, $vars);
      }

      $sql = 'SELECT @@SQL_MODE';
      PTDEBUG && _d($dbh, $sql);
      my ($sql_mode) = eval { $dbh->selectrow_array($sql) };
      if ( $EVAL_ERROR ) {
         die "Error getting the current SQL_MODE: $EVAL_ERROR";
      }

      $sql = 'SET @@SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE = 1'
            . '/*!40101, @@SQL_MODE=\'NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO'
            . ($sql_mode ? ",$sql_mode" : '')
            . '\'*/';
      PTDEBUG && _d($dbh, $sql);
      eval { $dbh->do($sql) };
      if ( $EVAL_ERROR ) {
         die "Error setting SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE, SQL_MODE"
           . ($sql_mode ? " and $sql_mode" : '')
           . ": $EVAL_ERROR";
      }
   }

   PTDEBUG && _d('DBH info: ',
      $dbh,
      Dumper($dbh->selectrow_hashref(
         'SELECT DATABASE(), CONNECTION_ID(), VERSION()/*!50038 , @@hostname*/')),
      'Connection info:',      $dbh->{mysql_hostinfo},
      'Character set info:',   Dumper($dbh->selectall_arrayref(
                     "SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set%'", { Slice => {}})),
      '$DBD::mysql::VERSION:', $DBD::mysql::VERSION,
      '$DBI::VERSION:',        $DBI::VERSION,
   );

   return $dbh;
}

sub get_hostname {
   my ( $self, $dbh ) = @_;
   if ( my ($host) = ($dbh->{mysql_hostinfo} || '') =~ m/^(\w+) via/ ) {
      return $host;
   }
   my ( $hostname, $one ) = $dbh->selectrow_array(
      'SELECT /*!50038 @@hostname, */ 1');
   return $hostname;
}

sub disconnect {
   my ( $self, $dbh ) = @_;
   PTDEBUG && $self->print_active_handles($dbh);
   $dbh->disconnect;
}

sub print_active_handles {
   my ( $self, $thing, $level ) = @_;
   $level ||= 0;
   printf("# Active %sh: %s %s %s\n", ($thing->{Type} || 'undef'), "\t" x $level,
      $thing, (($thing->{Type} || '') eq 'st' ? $thing->{Statement} || '' : ''))
      or die "Cannot print: $OS_ERROR";
   foreach my $handle ( grep {defined} @{ $thing->{ChildHandles} } ) {
      $self->print_active_handles( $handle, $level + 1 );
   }
}

sub copy {
   my ( $self, $dsn_1, $dsn_2, %args ) = @_;
   die 'I need a dsn_1 argument' unless $dsn_1;
   die 'I need a dsn_2 argument' unless $dsn_2;
   my %new_dsn = map {
      my $key = $_;
      my $val;
      if ( $args{overwrite} ) {
         $val = defined $dsn_1->{$key} ? $dsn_1->{$key} : $dsn_2->{$key};
      }
      else {
         $val = defined $dsn_2->{$key} ? $dsn_2->{$key} : $dsn_1->{$key};
      }
      $key => $val;
   } keys %{$self->{opts}};
   return \%new_dsn;
}

sub set_vars {
   my ($self, $dbh, $vars) = @_;

   return unless $vars;

   foreach my $var ( sort keys %$vars ) {
      my $val = $vars->{$var}->{val};

      (my $quoted_var = $var) =~ s/_/\\_/;
      my ($var_exists, $current_val);
      eval {
         ($var_exists, $current_val) = $dbh->selectrow_array(
            "SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '$quoted_var'");
      };
      my $e = $EVAL_ERROR;
      if ( $e ) {
         PTDEBUG && _d($e);
      }

      if ( $vars->{$var}->{default} && !$var_exists ) {
         PTDEBUG && _d('Not setting default var', $var,
            'because it does not exist');
         next;
      }

      if ( $current_val && $current_val eq $val ) {
         PTDEBUG && _d('Not setting var', $var, 'because its value',
            'is already', $val);
         next;
      }

      my $sql = "SET SESSION $var=$val";
      PTDEBUG && _d($dbh, $sql);
      eval { $dbh->do($sql) };
      if ( my $set_error = $EVAL_ERROR ) {
         chomp($set_error);
         $set_error =~ s/ at \S+ line \d+//;
         my $msg = "Error setting $var: $set_error";
         if ( $current_val ) {
            $msg .= "  The current value for $var is $current_val.  "
                  . "If the variable is read only (not dynamic), specify "
                  . "--set-vars $var=$current_val to avoid this warning, "
                  . "else manually set the variable and restart MySQL.";
         }
         warn $msg . "\n\n";
      }
   }

   return;
}

sub _d {
   my ($package, undef, $line) = caller 0;
   @_ = map { (my $temp = $_) =~ s/\n/\n# /g; $temp; }
        map { defined $_ ? $_ : 'undef' }
        @_;
   print STDERR "# $package:$line $PID ", join(' ', @_), "\n";
}

1;
}
# ###########################################################################
# End DSNParser package
# ###########################################################################

# ###########################################################################
# MasterSlave package
# This package is a copy without comments from the original.  The original
# with comments and its test file can be found in the GitHub repository at,
#   lib/MasterSlave.pm
#   t/lib/MasterSlave.t
# See https://github.com/percona/percona-toolkit for more information.
# ###########################################################################
{
package MasterSlave;

use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';
use English qw(-no_match_vars);
use constant PTDEBUG => $ENV{PTDEBUG} || 0;

sub check_recursion_method {
   my ($methods) = @_;
   if ( @$methods != 1 ) {
      if ( grep({ !m/processlist|hosts/i } @$methods)
            && $methods->[0] !~ /^dsn=/i )
      {
         die  "Invalid combination of recursion methods: "
            . join(", ", map { defined($_) ? $_ : 'undef' } @$methods) . ". "
            . "Only hosts and processlist may be combined.\n"
      }
   }
   else {
      my ($method) = @$methods;
      die "Invalid recursion method: " . ( $method || 'undef' )
         unless $method && $method =~ m/^(?:processlist$|hosts$|none$|cluster$|dsn=)/i;
   }
}

sub new {
   my ( $class, %args ) = @_;
   my @required_args = qw(OptionParser DSNParser Quoter);
   foreach my $arg ( @required_args ) {
      die "I need a $arg argument" unless $args{$arg};
   }
   my $self = {
      %args,
      replication_thread => {},
   };
   return bless $self, $class;
}

sub get_slaves {
   my ($self, %args) = @_;
   my @required_args = qw(make_cxn);
   foreach my $arg ( @required_args ) {
      die "I need a $arg argument" unless $args{$arg};
   }
   my ($make_cxn) = @args{@required_args};

   my $slaves  = [];
   my $dp      = $self->{DSNParser};
   my $methods = $self->_resolve_recursion_methods($args{dsn});

   return $slaves unless @$methods;

   if ( grep { m/processlist|hosts/i } @$methods ) {
      my @required_args = qw(dbh dsn);
      foreach my $arg ( @required_args ) {
         die "I need a $arg argument" unless $args{$arg};
      }
      my ($dbh, $dsn) = @args{@required_args};
      my $o = $self->{OptionParser};

      $self->recurse_to_slaves(
         {  dbh            => $dbh,
            dsn            => $dsn,
            slave_user     => $o->got('slave-user') ? $o->get('slave-user') : '',
            slave_password => $o->got('slave-password') ? $o->get('slave-password') : '',
            slaves         => $args{slaves},
            callback  => sub {
               my ( $dsn, $dbh, $level, $parent ) = @_;
               return unless $level;
               PTDEBUG && _d('Found slave:', $dp->as_string($dsn));
               my $slave_dsn = $dsn;
               if ($o->got('slave-user')) {
                  $slave_dsn->{u} = $o->get('slave-user');
                  PTDEBUG && _d("Using slave user ".$o->get('slave-user')." on ".$slave_dsn->{h}.":".$slave_dsn->{P});
               }
               if ($o->got('slave-password')) {
                  $slave_dsn->{p} = $o->get('slave-password');
                  PTDEBUG && _d("Slave password set");
               }
               push @$slaves, $make_cxn->(dsn => $slave_dsn, dbh => $dbh, parent => $parent);
               return;
            },
            wait_no_die => $args{'wait_no_die'},
         }
      );
   } elsif ( $methods->[0] =~ m/^dsn=/i ) {
      (my $dsn_table_dsn = join ",", @$methods) =~ s/^dsn=//i;
      $slaves = $self->get_cxn_from_dsn_table(
         %args,
         dsn_table_dsn => $dsn_table_dsn,
         wait_no_die => $args{'wait_no_die'},
      );
   }
   elsif ( $methods->[0] =~ m/none/i ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d('Not getting to slaves');
   }
   else {
      die "Unexpected recursion methods: @$methods";
   }

   return $slaves;
}

sub _resolve_recursion_methods {
   my ($self, $dsn) = @_;
   my $o = $self->{OptionParser};
   if ( $o->got('recursion-method') ) {
      return $o->get('recursion-method');
   }
   elsif ( $dsn && ($dsn->{P} || 3306) != 3306 ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d('Port number is non-standard; using only hosts method');
      return [qw(hosts)];
   }
   else {
      return $o->get('recursion-method');
   }
}

sub recurse_to_slaves {
   my ( $self, $args, $level ) = @_;
   $level ||= 0;
   my $dp = $self->{DSNParser};
   my $recurse = $args->{recurse} || $self->{OptionParser}->get('recurse');
   my $dsn = $args->{dsn};
   my $slave_user = $args->{slave_user} || '';
   my $slave_password = $args->{slave_password} || '';

   my $methods = $self->_resolve_recursion_methods($dsn);
   PTDEBUG && _d('Recursion methods:', @$methods);
   if ( lc($methods->[0]) eq 'none' ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d('Not recursing to slaves');
      return;
   }

   my $slave_dsn = $dsn;
   if ($slave_user) {
      $slave_dsn->{u} = $slave_user;
      PTDEBUG && _d("Using slave user $slave_user on "
         . $slave_dsn->{h} . ":" . ( $slave_dsn->{P} ? $slave_dsn->{P} : ""));
   }
   if ($slave_password) {
      $slave_dsn->{p} = $slave_password;
      PTDEBUG && _d("Slave password set");
   }

   my $dbh = $args->{dbh};

   my $get_dbh = sub {
         eval {
            $dbh = $dp->get_dbh(
               $dp->get_cxn_params($slave_dsn), { AutoCommit => 1 }
            );
            PTDEBUG && _d('Connected to', $dp->as_string($slave_dsn));
         };
         if ( $EVAL_ERROR ) {
            print STDERR "Cannot connect to ", $dp->as_string($slave_dsn), ": ", $EVAL_ERROR, "\n"
               or die "Cannot print: $OS_ERROR";
            return;
         }
   };

   DBH: {
      if ( !defined $dbh ) {
         foreach my $known_slave ( @{$args->{slaves}} ) {
            if ($known_slave->{dsn}->{h} eq $slave_dsn->{h} and
                $known_slave->{dsn}->{P} eq $slave_dsn->{P} ) {
               $dbh = $known_slave->{dbh};
               last DBH;
            }
         }
         $get_dbh->();
      }
   }

   my $sql  = 'SELECT @@SERVER_ID';
   PTDEBUG && _d($sql);
   my $id = undef;
   do {
      eval {
         ($id) = $dbh->selectrow_array($sql);
      };
	   if ( $EVAL_ERROR ) {
		   if ( $args->{wait_no_die} ) {
			   print STDERR "Error getting server id: ", $EVAL_ERROR,
               "\nRetrying query for server ", $slave_dsn->{h}, ":", $slave_dsn->{P}, "\n";
            sleep 1;
            $dbh->disconnect();
            $get_dbh->();
         } else {
            die $EVAL_ERROR;
         }
      }
   } until (defined $id);
   PTDEBUG && _d('Working on server ID', $id);
   my $master_thinks_i_am = $dsn->{server_id};
   if ( !defined $id
       || ( defined $master_thinks_i_am && $master_thinks_i_am != $id )
       || $args->{server_ids_seen}->{$id}++
   ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d('Server ID seen, or not what master said');
      if ( $args->{skip_callback} ) {
         $args->{skip_callback}->($dsn, $dbh, $level, $args->{parent});
      }
      return;
   }

   $args->{callback}->($dsn, $dbh, $level, $args->{parent});

   if ( !defined $recurse || $level < $recurse ) {

      my @slaves =
         grep { !$_->{master_id} || $_->{master_id} == $id } # Only my slaves.
         $self->find_slave_hosts($dp, $dbh, $dsn, $methods);

      foreach my $slave ( @slaves ) {
         PTDEBUG && _d('Recursing from',
            $dp->as_string($dsn), 'to', $dp->as_string($slave));
         $self->recurse_to_slaves(
            { %$args, dsn => $slave, dbh => undef, parent => $dsn, slave_user => $slave_user, $slave_password => $slave_password }, $level + 1 );
      }
   }
}

sub find_slave_hosts {
   my ( $self, $dsn_parser, $dbh, $dsn, $methods ) = @_;

   PTDEBUG && _d('Looking for slaves on', $dsn_parser->as_string($dsn),
      'using methods', @$methods);

   my @slaves;
   METHOD:
   foreach my $method ( @$methods ) {
      my $find_slaves = "_find_slaves_by_$method";
      PTDEBUG && _d('Finding slaves with', $find_slaves);
      @slaves = $self->$find_slaves($dsn_parser, $dbh, $dsn);
      last METHOD if @slaves;
   }

   PTDEBUG && _d('Found', scalar(@slaves), 'slaves');
   return @slaves;
}

sub _find_slaves_by_processlist {
   my ( $self, $dsn_parser, $dbh, $dsn ) = @_;
   my @connected_slaves = $self->get_connected_slaves($dbh);
   my @slaves = $self->_process_slaves_list($dsn_parser, $dsn, \@connected_slaves);
   return @slaves;
}

sub _process_slaves_list {
   my ($self, $dsn_parser, $dsn, $connected_slaves) = @_;
   my @slaves = map  {
      my $slave        = $dsn_parser->parse("h=$_", $dsn);
      $slave->{source} = 'processlist';
      $slave;
   }
   grep { $_ }
   map  {
      my ( $host ) = $_->{host} =~ m/^(.*):\d+$/;
      if ( $host eq 'localhost' ) {
         $host = '127.0.0.1'; # Replication never uses sockets.
      }
      if ($host =~ m/::/) {
          $host = '['.$host.']';
      }
      $host;
   } @$connected_slaves;

   return @slaves;
}

sub _find_slaves_by_hosts {
   my ( $self, $dsn_parser, $dbh, $dsn ) = @_;

   my @slaves;
   my $sql = 'SHOW SLAVE HOSTS';
   PTDEBUG && _d($dbh, $sql);
   @slaves = @{$dbh->selectall_arrayref($sql, { Slice => {} })};

   if ( @slaves ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d('Found some SHOW SLAVE HOSTS info');
      @slaves = map {
         my %hash;
         @hash{ map { lc $_ } keys %$_ } = values %$_;
         my $spec = "h=$hash{host},P=$hash{port}"
            . ( $hash{user} ? ",u=$hash{user}" : '')
            . ( $hash{password} ? ",p=$hash{password}" : '');
         my $dsn           = $dsn_parser->parse($spec, $dsn);
         $dsn->{server_id} = $hash{server_id};
         $dsn->{master_id} = $hash{master_id};
         $dsn->{source}    = 'hosts';
         $dsn;
      } @slaves;
   }

   return @slaves;
}

sub get_connected_slaves {
   my ( $self, $dbh ) = @_;

   my $show = "SHOW GRANTS FOR ";
   my $user = 'CURRENT_USER()';
   my $sql = $show . $user;
   PTDEBUG && _d($dbh, $sql);

   my $proc;
   eval {
      $proc = grep {
         m/ALL PRIVILEGES.*?\*\.\*|PROCESS/
      } @{$dbh->selectcol_arrayref($sql)};
   };
   if ( $EVAL_ERROR ) {

      if ( $EVAL_ERROR =~ m/no such grant defined for user/ ) {
         PTDEBUG && _d('Retrying SHOW GRANTS without host; error:',
            $EVAL_ERROR);
         ($user) = split('@', $user);
         $sql    = $show . $user;
         PTDEBUG && _d($sql);
         eval {
            $proc = grep {
               m/ALL PRIVILEGES.*?\*\.\*|PROCESS/
            } @{$dbh->selectcol_arrayref($sql)};
         };
      }

      die "Failed to $sql: $EVAL_ERROR" if $EVAL_ERROR;
   }
   if ( !$proc ) {
      die "You do not have the PROCESS privilege";
   }

   $sql = 'SHOW FULL PROCESSLIST';
   PTDEBUG && _d($dbh, $sql);
   grep { $_->{command} =~ m/Binlog Dump/i }
   map  { # Lowercase the column names
      my %hash;
      @hash{ map { lc $_ } keys %$_ } = values %$_;
      \%hash;
   }
   @{$dbh->selectall_arrayref($sql, { Slice => {} })};
}

sub is_master_of {
   my ( $self, $master, $slave ) = @_;
   my $master_status = $self->get_master_status($master)
      or die "The server specified as a master is not a master";
   my $slave_status  = $self->get_slave_status($slave)
      or die "The server specified as a slave is not a slave";
   my @connected     = $self->get_connected_slaves($master)
      or die "The server specified as a master has no connected slaves";
   my (undef, $port) = $master->selectrow_array("SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'port'");

   if ( $port != $slave_status->{master_port} ) {
      die "The slave is connected to $slave_status->{master_port} "
         . "but the master's port is $port";
   }

   if ( !grep { $slave_status->{master_user} eq $_->{user} } @connected ) {
      die "I don't see any slave I/O thread connected with user "
         . $slave_status->{master_user};
   }

   if ( ($slave_status->{slave_io_state} || '')
      eq 'Waiting for master to send event' )
   {
      my ( $master_log_name, $master_log_num )
         = $master_status->{file} =~ m/^(.*?)\.0*([1-9][0-9]*)$/;
      my ( $slave_log_name, $slave_log_num )
         = $slave_status->{master_log_file} =~ m/^(.*?)\.0*([1-9][0-9]*)$/;
      if ( $master_log_name ne $slave_log_name
         || abs($master_log_num - $slave_log_num) > 1 )
      {
         die "The slave thinks it is reading from "
            . "$slave_status->{master_log_file},  but the "
            . "master is writing to $master_status->{file}";
      }
   }
   return 1;
}

sub get_master_dsn {
   my ( $self, $dbh, $dsn, $dsn_parser ) = @_;
   my $master = $self->get_slave_status($dbh) or return undef;
   my $spec   = "h=$master->{master_host},P=$master->{master_port}";
   return       $dsn_parser->parse($spec, $dsn);
}

sub get_slave_status {
   my ( $self, $dbh ) = @_;

   if ( !$self->{not_a_slave}->{$dbh} ) {
      my $sth = $self->{sths}->{$dbh}->{SLAVE_STATUS}
            ||= $dbh->prepare('SHOW SLAVE STATUS');
      PTDEBUG && _d($dbh, 'SHOW SLAVE STATUS');
      $sth->execute();
      my ($sss_rows) = $sth->fetchall_arrayref({}); # Show Slave Status rows

      my $ss;
      if ( $sss_rows && @$sss_rows ) {
          if (scalar @$sss_rows > 1) {
              if (!$self->{channel}) {
                  die 'This server returned more than one row for SHOW SLAVE STATUS but "channel" was not specified on the command line';
              }
              my $slave_use_channels;
              for my $row (@$sss_rows) {
                  $row = { map { lc($_) => $row->{$_} } keys %$row }; # lowercase the keys
                  if ($row->{channel_name}) {
                      $slave_use_channels = 1;
                  }
                  if ($row->{channel_name} eq $self->{channel}) {
                      $ss = $row;
                      last;
                  }
              }
              if (!$ss && $slave_use_channels) {
                 die 'This server is using replication channels but "channel" was not specified on the command line';
              }
          } else {
              if ($sss_rows->[0]->{channel_name} && $sss_rows->[0]->{channel_name} ne $self->{channel}) {
                  die 'This server is using replication channels but "channel" was not specified on the command line';
              } else {
                  $ss = $sss_rows->[0];
              }
          }

          if ( $ss && %$ss ) {
             $ss = { map { lc($_) => $ss->{$_} } keys %$ss }; # lowercase the keys
             return $ss;
          }
          if (!$ss && $self->{channel}) {
              die "Specified channel name is invalid";
          }
      }

      PTDEBUG && _d('This server returns nothing for SHOW SLAVE STATUS');
      $self->{not_a_slave}->{$dbh}++;
  }
}

sub get_master_status {
   my ( $self, $dbh ) = @_;

   if ( $self->{not_a_master}->{$dbh} ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d('Server on dbh', $dbh, 'is not a master');
      return;
   }

   my $sth;
   if ( $self->{sths}->{$dbh} && $dbh && $self->{sths}->{$dbh} == $dbh ) {
      $sth = $self->{sths}->{$dbh}->{MASTER_STATUS}
         ||= $dbh->prepare('SHOW MASTER STATUS');
   }
   else {
      $sth = $dbh->prepare('SHOW MASTER STATUS');
   }
   PTDEBUG && _d($dbh, 'SHOW MASTER STATUS');
   $sth->execute();
   my ($ms) = @{$sth->fetchall_arrayref({})};
   PTDEBUG && _d(
      $ms ? map { "$_=" . (defined $ms->{$_} ? $ms->{$_} : '') } keys %$ms
          : '');

   if ( !$ms || scalar keys %$ms < 2 ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d('Server on dbh', $dbh, 'does not seem to be a master');
      $self->{not_a_master}->{$dbh}++;
   }

  return { map { lc($_) => $ms->{$_} } keys %$ms }; # lowercase the keys
}

sub wait_for_master {
   my ( $self, %args ) = @_;
   my @required_args = qw(master_status slave_dbh);
   foreach my $arg ( @required_args ) {
      die "I need a $arg argument" unless $args{$arg};
   }
   my ($master_status, $slave_dbh) = @args{@required_args};
   my $timeout       = $args{timeout} || 60;

   my $result;
   my $waited;
   if ( $master_status ) {
      my $slave_status;
      eval {
          $slave_status = $self->get_slave_status($slave_dbh);
      };
      if ($EVAL_ERROR) {
          return {
              result => undef,
              waited => 0,
              error  =>'Wait for master: this is a multi-master slave but "channel" was not specified on the command line',
          };
      }
      my $server_version = VersionParser->new($slave_dbh);
      my $channel_sql = $server_version > '5.6' && $self->{channel} ? ", '$self->{channel}'" : '';
      my $sql = "SELECT MASTER_POS_WAIT('$master_status->{file}', $master_status->{position}, $timeout $channel_sql)";
      PTDEBUG && _d($slave_dbh, $sql);
      my $start = time;
      ($result) = $slave_dbh->selectrow_array($sql);

      $waited = time - $start;

      PTDEBUG && _d('Result of waiting:', $result);
      PTDEBUG && _d("Waited", $waited, "seconds");
   }
   else {
      PTDEBUG && _d('Not waiting: this server is not a master');
   }

   return {
      result => $result,
      waited => $waited,
   };
}

sub stop_slave {
   my ( $self, $dbh ) = @_;
   my $sth = $self->{sths}->{$dbh}->{STOP_SLAVE}
         ||= $dbh->prepare('STOP SLAVE');
   PTDEBUG && _d($dbh, $sth->{Statement});
   $sth->execute();
}

sub start_slave {
   my ( $self, $dbh, $pos ) = @_;
   if ( $pos ) {
      my $sql = "START SLAVE UNTIL MASTER_LOG_FILE='$pos->{file}', "
              . "MASTER_LOG_POS=$pos->{position}";
      PTDEBUG && _d($dbh, $sql);
      $dbh->do($sql);
   }
   else {
      my $sth = $self->{sths}->{$dbh}->{START_SLAVE}
            ||= $dbh->prepare('START SLAVE');
      PTDEBUG && _d($dbh, $sth->{Statement});
      $sth->execute();
   }
}

sub catchup_to_master {
   my ( $self, $slave, $master, $timeout ) = @_;
   $self->stop_slave($master);
   $self->stop_slave($slave);
   my $slave_status  = $self->get_slave_status($slave);
   my $slave_pos     = $self->repl_posn($slave_status);
   my $master_status = $self->get_master_status($master);
   my $master_pos    = $self->repl_posn($master_status);
   PTDEBUG && _d('Master position:', $self->pos_to_string($master_pos),
      'Slave position:', $self->pos_to_string($slave_pos));

   my $result;
   if ( $self->pos_cmp($slave_pos, $master_pos) < 0 ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d('Waiting for slave to catch up to master');
      $self->start_slave($slave, $master_pos);

      $result = $self->wait_for_master(
            master_status => $master_status,
            slave_dbh     => $slave,
            timeout       => $timeout,
            master_status => $master_status
      );
      if ($result->{error}) {
          die $result->{error};
      }
      if ( !defined $result->{result} ) {
         $slave_status = $self->get_slave_status($slave);
         if ( !$self->slave_is_running($slave_status) ) {
            PTDEBUG && _d('Master position:',
               $self->pos_to_string($master_pos),
               'Slave position:', $self->pos_to_string($slave_pos));
            $slave_pos = $self->repl_posn($slave_status);
            if ( $self->pos_cmp($slave_pos, $master_pos) != 0 ) {
               die "MASTER_POS_WAIT() returned NULL but slave has not "
                  . "caught up to master";
            }
            PTDEBUG && _d('Slave is caught up to master and stopped');
         }
         else {
            die "Slave has not caught up to master and it is still running";
         }
      }
   }
   else {
      PTDEBUG && _d("Slave is already caught up to master");
   }

   return $result;
}

sub catchup_to_same_pos {
   my ( $self, $s1_dbh, $s2_dbh ) = @_;
   $self->stop_slave($s1_dbh);
   $self->stop_slave($s2_dbh);
   my $s1_status = $self->get_slave_status($s1_dbh);
   my $s2_status = $self->get_slave_status($s2_dbh);
   my $s1_pos    = $self->repl_posn($s1_status);
   my $s2_pos    = $self->repl_posn($s2_status);
   if ( $self->pos_cmp($s1_pos, $s2_pos) < 0 ) {
      $self->start_slave($s1_dbh, $s2_pos);
   }
   elsif ( $self->pos_cmp($s2_pos, $s1_pos) < 0 ) {
      $self->start_slave($s2_dbh, $s1_pos);
   }

   $s1_status = $self->get_slave_status($s1_dbh);
   $s2_status = $self->get_slave_status($s2_dbh);
   $s1_pos    = $self->repl_posn($s1_status);
   $s2_pos    = $self->repl_posn($s2_status);

   if ( $self->slave_is_running($s1_status)
     || $self->slave_is_running($s2_status)
     || $self->pos_cmp($s1_pos, $s2_pos) != 0)
   {
      die "The servers aren't both stopped at the same position";
   }

}

sub slave_is_running {
   my ( $self, $slave_status ) = @_;
   return ($slave_status->{slave_sql_running} || 'No') eq 'Yes';
}

sub has_slave_updates {
   my ( $self, $dbh ) = @_;
   my $sql = q{SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'log_slave_updates'};
   PTDEBUG && _d($dbh, $sql);
   my ($name, $value) = $dbh->selectrow_array($sql);
   return $value && $value =~ m/^(1|ON)$/;
}

sub repl_posn {
   my ( $self, $status ) = @_;
   if ( exists $status->{file} && exists $status->{position} ) {
      return {
         file     => $status->{file},
         position => $status->{position},
      };
   }
   else {
      return {
         file     => $status->{relay_master_log_file},
         position => $status->{exec_master_log_pos},
      };
   }
}

sub get_slave_lag {
   my ( $self, $dbh ) = @_;
   my $stat = $self->get_slave_status($dbh);
   return unless $stat;  # server is not a slave
   return $stat->{seconds_behind_master};
}

sub pos_cmp {
   my ( $self, $a, $b ) = @_;
   return $self->pos_to_string($a) cmp $self->pos_to_string($b);
}

sub short_host {
   my ( $self, $dsn ) = @_;
   my ($host, $port);
   if ( $dsn->{master_host} ) {
      $host = $dsn->{master_host};
      $port = $dsn->{master_port};
   }
   else {
      $host = $dsn->{h};
      $port = $dsn->{P};
   }
   return ($host || '[default]') . ( ($port || 3306) == 3306 ? '' : ":$port" );
}

sub is_replication_thread {
   my ( $self, $query, %args ) = @_;
   return unless $query;

   my $type = lc($args{type} || 'all');
   die "Invalid type: $type"
      unless $type =~ m/^binlog_dump|slave_io|slave_sql|all$/i;

   my $match = 0;
   if ( $type =~ m/binlog_dump|all/i ) {
      $match = 1
         if ($query->{Command} || $query->{command} || '') eq "Binlog Dump";
   }
   if ( !$match ) {
      if ( ($query->{User} || $query->{user} || '') eq "system user" ) {
         PTDEBUG && _d("Slave replication thread");
         if ( $type ne 'all' ) {
            my $state = $query->{State} || $query->{state} || '';

            if ( $state =~ m/^init|end$/ ) {
               PTDEBUG && _d("Special state:", $state);
               $match = 1;
            }
            else {
               my ($slave_sql) = $state =~ m/
                  ^(Waiting\sfor\sthe\snext\sevent
                   |Reading\sevent\sfrom\sthe\srelay\slog
                   |Has\sread\sall\srelay\slog;\swaiting
                   |Making\stemp\sfile
                   |Waiting\sfor\sslave\smutex\son\sexit)/xi;

               $match = $type eq 'slave_sql' &&  $slave_sql ? 1
                      : $type eq 'slave_io'  && !$slave_sql ? 1
                      :                                       0;
            }
         }
         else {
            $match = 1;
         }
      }
      else {
         PTDEBUG && _d('Not system user');
      }

      if ( !defined $args{check_known_ids} || $args{check_known_ids} ) {
         my $id = $query->{Id} || $query->{id};
         if ( $match ) {
            $self->{replication_thread}->{$id} = 1;
         }
         else {
            if ( $self->{replication_thread}->{$id} ) {
               PTDEBUG && _d("Thread ID is a known replication thread ID");
               $match = 1;
            }
         }
      }
   }

   PTDEBUG && _d('Matches', $type, 'replication thread:',
      ($match ? 'yes' : 'no'), '; match:', $match);

   return $match;
}


sub get_replication_filters {
   my ( $self, %args ) = @_;
   my @required_args = qw(dbh);
   foreach my $arg ( @required_args ) {
      die "I need a $arg argument" unless $args{$arg};
   }
   my ($dbh) = @args{@required_args};

   my %filters = ();

   my $status = $self->get_master_status($dbh);
   if ( $status ) {
      map { $filters{$_} = $status->{$_} }
      grep { defined $status->{$_} && $status->{$_} ne '' }
      qw(
         binlog_do_db
         binlog_ignore_db
      );
   }

   $status = $self->get_slave_status($dbh);
   if ( $status ) {
      map { $filters{$_} = $status->{$_} }
      grep { defined $status->{$_} && $status->{$_} ne '' }
      qw(
         replicate_do_db
         replicate_ignore_db
         replicate_do_table
         replicate_ignore_table
         replicate_wild_do_table
         replicate_wild_ignore_table
      );

      my $sql = "SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'slave_skip_errors'";
      PTDEBUG && _d($dbh, $sql);
      my $row = $dbh->selectrow_arrayref($sql);
      $filters{slave_skip_errors} = $row->[1] if $row->[1] && $row->[1] ne 'OFF';
   }

   return \%filters;
}


sub pos_to_string {
   my ( $self, $pos ) = @_;
   my $fmt  = '%s/%020d';
   return sprintf($fmt, @{$pos}{qw(file position)});
}

sub reset_known_replication_threads {
   my ( $self ) = @_;
   $self->{replication_thread} = {};
   return;
}

sub get_cxn_from_dsn_table {
   my ($self, %args) = @_;
   my @required_args = qw(dsn_table_dsn make_cxn);
   foreach my $arg ( @required_args ) {
      die "I need a $arg argument" unless $args{$arg};
   }
   my ($dsn_table_dsn, $make_cxn) = @args{@required_args};
   PTDEBUG && _d('DSN table DSN:', $dsn_table_dsn);

   my $dp = $self->{DSNParser};
   my $q  = $self->{Quoter};

   my $dsn = $dp->parse($dsn_table_dsn);
   my $dsn_table;
   if ( $dsn->{D} && $dsn->{t} ) {
      $dsn_table = $q->quote($dsn->{D}, $dsn->{t});
   }
   elsif ( $dsn->{t} && $dsn->{t} =~ m/\./ ) {
      $dsn_table = $q->quote($q->split_unquote($dsn->{t}));
   }
   else {
      die "DSN table DSN does not specify a database (D) "
        . "or a database-qualified table (t)";
   }

   my $done = 0;
   my $dsn_tbl_cxn = $make_cxn->(dsn => $dsn);
   my $dbh         = $dsn_tbl_cxn->connect();
   my $sql         = "SELECT dsn FROM $dsn_table ORDER BY id";
   PTDEBUG && _d($sql);
   my @cxn;
   use Data::Dumper;
   DSN:
   do {
      @cxn = ();
      my $dsn_strings = $dbh->selectcol_arrayref($sql);
      if ( $dsn_strings ) {
         foreach my $dsn_string ( @$dsn_strings ) {
            PTDEBUG && _d('DSN from DSN table:', $dsn_string);
            if ($args{wait_no_die}) {
               my $lcxn;
               eval {
                  $lcxn = $make_cxn->(dsn_string => $dsn_string);
               };
               if ( $EVAL_ERROR && ($dsn_tbl_cxn->lost_connection($EVAL_ERROR)
                     || $EVAL_ERROR =~ m/Can't connect to MySQL server/)) {
                  PTDEBUG && _d("Server is not accessible, waiting when it is online again");
                  sleep(1);
                  goto DSN;
               }
               push @cxn, $lcxn;
            } else {
               push @cxn, $make_cxn->(dsn_string => $dsn_string);
            }
         }
      }
      $done = 1;
   } until $done;
   return \@cxn;
}

sub _d {
   my ($package, undef, $line) = caller 0;
   @_ = map { (my $temp = $_) =~ s/\n/\n# /g; $temp; }
        map { defined $_ ? $_ : 'undef' }
        @_;
   print STDERR "# $package:$line $PID ", join(' ', @_), "\n";
}

1;
}
# ###########################################################################
# End MasterSlave package
# ###########################################################################

# ###########################################################################
# Daemon package
# This package is a copy without comments from the original.  The original
# with comments and its test file can be found in the GitHub repository at,
#   lib/Daemon.pm
#   t/lib/Daemon.t
# See https://github.com/percona/percona-toolkit for more information.
# ###########################################################################
{
package Daemon;

use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';
use English qw(-no_match_vars);

use constant PTDEBUG => $ENV{PTDEBUG} || 0;

use POSIX qw(setsid);
use Fcntl qw(:DEFAULT);

sub new {
   my ($class, %args) = @_;
   my $self = {
      log_file       => $args{log_file},
      pid_file       => $args{pid_file},
      daemonize      => $args{daemonize},
      force_log_file => $args{force_log_file},
      parent_exit    => $args{parent_exit},
      pid_file_owner => 0,
      utf8           => $args{utf8} // 0,
   };
   return bless $self, $class;
}

sub run {
   my ($self) = @_;

   my $daemonize      = $self->{daemonize};
   my $pid_file       = $self->{pid_file};
   my $log_file       = $self->{log_file};
   my $force_log_file = $self->{force_log_file};
   my $parent_exit    = $self->{parent_exit};
   my $utf8           = $self->{utf8};

   PTDEBUG && _d('Starting daemon');

   if ( $pid_file ) {
      eval {
         $self->_make_pid_file(
            pid      => $PID,  # parent's pid
            pid_file => $pid_file,
         );
      };
      die "$EVAL_ERROR\n" if $EVAL_ERROR;
      if ( !$daemonize ) {
         $self->{pid_file_owner} = $PID;  # parent's pid
      }
   }

   if ( $daemonize ) {
      defined (my $child_pid = fork()) or die "Cannot fork: $OS_ERROR";
      if ( $child_pid ) {
         PTDEBUG && _d('Forked child', $child_pid);
         $parent_exit->($child_pid) if $parent_exit;
         exit 0;
      }

      POSIX::setsid() or die "Cannot start a new session: $OS_ERROR";
      chdir '/'       or die "Cannot chdir to /: $OS_ERROR";

      if ( $pid_file ) {
         $self->_update_pid_file(
            pid      => $PID,  # child's pid
            pid_file => $pid_file,
         );
         $self->{pid_file_owner} = $PID;
      }
   }

   if ( $daemonize || $force_log_file ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d('Redirecting STDIN to /dev/null');
      close STDIN;
      open  STDIN, '/dev/null'
         or die "Cannot reopen STDIN to /dev/null: $OS_ERROR";
      if ( $log_file ) {
         PTDEBUG && _d('Redirecting STDOUT and STDERR to', $log_file);
         close STDOUT;
         open  STDOUT, '>>', $log_file
            or die "Cannot open log file $log_file: $OS_ERROR";
         if ( $utf8 ) {
            binmode(STDOUT, ':utf8')
               or die "Can't binmode(STDOUT, ':utf8'): $OS_ERROR";
         }


         close STDERR;
         open  STDERR, ">&STDOUT"
            or die "Cannot dupe STDERR to STDOUT: $OS_ERROR";
         if ( $utf8 ) {
            binmode(STDERR, ':utf8')
               or die "Can't binmode(STDERR, ':utf8'): $OS_ERROR";
         }
      }
      else {
         if ( -t STDOUT ) {
            PTDEBUG && _d('No log file and STDOUT is a terminal;',
               'redirecting to /dev/null');
            close STDOUT;
            open  STDOUT, '>', '/dev/null'
               or die "Cannot reopen STDOUT to /dev/null: $OS_ERROR";
         }
         if ( -t STDERR ) {
            PTDEBUG && _d('No log file and STDERR is a terminal;',
               'redirecting to /dev/null');
            close STDERR;
            open  STDERR, '>', '/dev/null'
               or die "Cannot reopen STDERR to /dev/null: $OS_ERROR";
         }
      }

      $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH = 1;
   }

   PTDEBUG && _d('Daemon running');
   return;
}

sub _make_pid_file {
   my ($self, %args) = @_;
   my @required_args = qw(pid pid_file);
   foreach my $arg ( @required_args ) {
      die "I need a $arg argument" unless $args{$arg};
   };
   my $pid      = $args{pid};
   my $pid_file = $args{pid_file};

   eval {
      sysopen(PID_FH, $pid_file, O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL) or die $OS_ERROR;
      print PID_FH $PID, "\n";
      close PID_FH;
   };
   if ( my $e = $EVAL_ERROR ) {
      if ( $e =~ m/file exists/i ) {
         my $old_pid = $self->_check_pid_file(
            pid_file => $pid_file,
            pid      => $PID,
         );
         if ( $old_pid ) {
            warn "Overwriting PID file $pid_file because PID $old_pid "
               . "is not running.\n";
         }
         $self->_update_pid_file(
            pid      => $PID,
            pid_file => $pid_file
         );
      }
      else {
         die "Error creating PID file $pid_file: $e\n";
      }
   }

   return;
}

sub _check_pid_file {
   my ($self, %args) = @_;
   my @required_args = qw(pid_file pid);
   foreach my $arg ( @required_args ) {
      die "I need a $arg argument" unless $args{$arg};
   };
   my $pid_file = $args{pid_file};
   my $pid      = $args{pid};

   PTDEBUG && _d('Checking if PID in', $pid_file, 'is running');

   if ( ! -f $pid_file ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d('PID file', $pid_file, 'does not exist');
      return;
   }

   open my $fh, '<', $pid_file
      or die "Error opening $pid_file: $OS_ERROR";
   my $existing_pid = do { local $/; <$fh> };
   chomp($existing_pid) if $existing_pid;
   close $fh
      or die "Error closing $pid_file: $OS_ERROR";

   if ( $existing_pid ) {
      if ( $existing_pid == $pid ) {
         warn "The current PID $pid already holds the PID file $pid_file\n";
         return;
      }
      else {
         PTDEBUG && _d('Checking if PID', $existing_pid, 'is running');
         my $pid_is_alive = kill 0, $existing_pid;
         if ( $pid_is_alive ) {
            die "PID file $pid_file exists and PID $existing_pid is running\n";
         }
      }
   }
   else {
      die "PID file $pid_file exists but it is empty.  Remove the file "
         . "if the process is no longer running.\n";
   }

   return $existing_pid;
}

sub _update_pid_file {
   my ($self, %args) = @_;
   my @required_args = qw(pid pid_file);
   foreach my $arg ( @required_args ) {
      die "I need a $arg argument" unless $args{$arg};
   };
   my $pid      = $args{pid};
   my $pid_file = $args{pid_file};

   open my $fh, '>', $pid_file
      or die "Cannot open $pid_file: $OS_ERROR";
   print { $fh } $pid, "\n"
      or die "Cannot print to $pid_file: $OS_ERROR";
   close $fh
      or warn "Cannot close $pid_file: $OS_ERROR";

   return;
}

sub remove_pid_file {
   my ($self, $pid_file) = @_;
   $pid_file ||= $self->{pid_file};
   if ( $pid_file && -f $pid_file ) {
      unlink $self->{pid_file}
         or warn "Cannot remove PID file $pid_file: $OS_ERROR";
      PTDEBUG && _d('Removed PID file');
   }
   else {
      PTDEBUG && _d('No PID to remove');
   }
   return;
}

sub DESTROY {
   my ($self) = @_;

   if ( $self->{pid_file_owner} == $PID ) {
      $self->remove_pid_file();
   }

   return;
}

sub _d {
   my ($package, undef, $line) = caller 0;
   @_ = map { (my $temp = $_) =~ s/\n/\n# /g; $temp; }
        map { defined $_ ? $_ : 'undef' }
        @_;
   print STDERR "# $package:$line $PID ", join(' ', @_), "\n";
}

1;
}
# ###########################################################################
# End Daemon package
# ###########################################################################

# ###########################################################################
# HTTP::Micro package
# This package is a copy without comments from the original.  The original
# with comments and its test file can be found in the GitHub repository at,
#   lib/HTTP/Micro.pm
#   t/lib/HTTP/Micro.t
# See https://github.com/percona/percona-toolkit for more information.
# ###########################################################################
{
package HTTP::Micro;

our $VERSION = '0.01';

use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';
use English qw(-no_match_vars);
use Carp ();

my @attributes;
BEGIN {
    @attributes = qw(agent timeout);
    no strict 'refs';
    for my $accessor ( @attributes ) {
        *{$accessor} = sub {
            @_ > 1 ? $_[0]->{$accessor} = $_[1] : $_[0]->{$accessor};
        };
    }
}

sub new {
    my($class, %args) = @_;
    (my $agent = $class) =~ s{::}{-}g;
    my $self = {
        agent        => $agent . "/" . ($class->VERSION || 0),
        timeout      => 60,
    };
    for my $key ( @attributes ) {
        $self->{$key} = $args{$key} if exists $args{$key}
    }
    return bless $self, $class;
}

my %DefaultPort = (
    http => 80,
    https => 443,
);

sub request {
    my ($self, $method, $url, $args) = @_;
    @_ == 3 || (@_ == 4 && ref $args eq 'HASH')
      or Carp::croak(q/Usage: $http->request(METHOD, URL, [HASHREF])/);
    $args ||= {}; # we keep some state in this during _request

    my $response;
    for ( 0 .. 1 ) {
        $response = eval { $self->_request($method, $url, $args) };
        last unless $@ && $method eq 'GET'
            && $@ =~ m{^(?:Socket closed|Unexpected end)};
    }

    if (my $e = "$@") {
        $response = {
            success => q{},
            status  => 599,
            reason  => 'Internal Exception',
            content => $e,
            headers => {
                'content-type'   => 'text/plain',
                'content-length' => length $e,
            }
        };
    }
    return $response;
}

sub _request {
    my ($self, $method, $url, $args) = @_;

    my ($scheme, $host, $port, $path_query) = $self->_split_url($url);

    my $request = {
        method    => $method,
        scheme    => $scheme,
        host_port => ($port == $DefaultPort{$scheme} ? $host : "$host:$port"),
        uri       => $path_query,
        headers   => {},
    };

    my $handle  = HTTP::Micro::Handle->new(timeout => $self->{timeout});

    $handle->connect($scheme, $host, $port);

    $self->_prepare_headers_and_cb($request, $args);
    $handle->write_request_header(@{$request}{qw/method uri headers/});
    $handle->write_content_body($request) if $request->{content};

    my $response;
    do { $response = $handle->read_response_header }
        until (substr($response->{status},0,1) ne '1');

    if (!($method eq 'HEAD' || $response->{status} =~ /^[23]04/)) {
        $response->{content} = '';
        $handle->read_content_body(sub { $_[1]->{content} .= $_[0] }, $response);
    }

    $handle->close;
    $response->{success} = substr($response->{status},0,1) eq '2';
    return $response;
}

sub _prepare_headers_and_cb {
    my ($self, $request, $args) = @_;

    for ($args->{headers}) {
        next unless defined;
        while (my ($k, $v) = each %$_) {
            $request->{headers}{lc $k} = $v;
        }
    }
    $request->{headers}{'host'}         = $request->{host_port};
    $request->{headers}{'connection'}   = "close";
    $request->{headers}{'user-agent'} ||= $self->{agent};

    if (defined $args->{content}) {
        $request->{headers}{'content-type'} ||= "application/octet-stream";
        utf8::downgrade($args->{content}, 1)
            or Carp::croak(q/Wide character in request message body/);
        $request->{headers}{'content-length'} = length $args->{content};
        $request->{content} = $args->{content};
    }
    return;
}

sub _split_url {
    my $url = pop;

    my ($scheme, $authority, $path_query) = $url =~ m<\A([^:/?#]+)://([^/?#]*)([^#]*)>
      or Carp::croak(qq/Cannot parse URL: '$url'/);

    $scheme     = lc $scheme;
    $path_query = "/$path_query" unless $path_query =~ m<\A/>;

    my $host = (length($authority)) ? lc $authority : 'localhost';
       $host =~ s/\A[^@]*@//;   # userinfo
    my $port = do {
       $host =~ s/:([0-9]*)\z// && length $1
         ? $1
         : $DefaultPort{$scheme}
    };

    return ($scheme, $host, $port, $path_query);
}

} # HTTP::Micro

{
   package HTTP::Micro::Handle;

   use strict;
   use warnings FATAL => 'all';
   use English qw(-no_match_vars);

   use Carp       qw(croak);
   use Errno      qw(EINTR EPIPE);
   use IO::Socket qw(SOCK_STREAM);

   sub BUFSIZE () { 32768 }

   my $Printable = sub {
       local $_ = shift;
       s/\r/\\r/g;
       s/\n/\\n/g;
       s/\t/\\t/g;
       s/([^\x20-\x7E])/sprintf('\\x%.2X', ord($1))/ge;
       $_;
   };

   sub new {
       my ($class, %args) = @_;
       return bless {
           rbuf          => '',
           timeout       => 60,
           max_line_size => 16384,
           %args
       }, $class;
   }

   my $ssl_verify_args = {
       check_cn         => "when_only",
       wildcards_in_alt => "anywhere",
       wildcards_in_cn  => "anywhere"
   };

   sub connect {
       @_ == 4 || croak(q/Usage: $handle->connect(scheme, host, port)/);
       my ($self, $scheme, $host, $port) = @_;

       if ( $scheme eq 'https' ) {
           eval "require IO::Socket::SSL"
               unless exists $INC{'IO/Socket/SSL.pm'};
           croak(qq/IO::Socket::SSL must be installed for https support\n/)
               unless $INC{'IO/Socket/SSL.pm'};
       }
       elsif ( $scheme ne 'http' ) {
         croak(qq/Unsupported URL scheme '$scheme'\n/);
       }

       $self->{fh} = IO::Socket::INET->new(
           PeerHost  => $host,
           PeerPort  => $port,
           Proto     => 'tcp',
           Type      => SOCK_STREAM,
           Timeout   => $self->{timeout}
       ) or croak(qq/Could not connect to '$host:$port': $@/);

       binmode($self->{fh})
         or croak(qq/Could not binmode() socket: '$!'/);

       if ( $scheme eq 'https') {
           IO::Socket::SSL->start_SSL(
              $self->{fh},
              SSL_verifycn_name => $host,
           );
           ref($self->{fh}) eq 'IO::Socket::SSL'
               or die(qq/SSL connection failed for $host\n/);
           if ( $self->{fh}->can("verify_hostname") ) {
               $self->{fh}->verify_hostname( $host, $ssl_verify_args )
                  or die(qq/SSL certificate not valid for $host\n/);
           }
           else {
            my $fh = $self->{fh};
            _verify_hostname_of_cert($host, _peer_certificate($fh), $ssl_verify_args)
                  or die(qq/SSL certificate not valid for $host\n/);
            }
       }

       $self->{host} = $host;
       $self->{port} = $port;

       return $self;
   }

   sub close {
       @_ == 1 || croak(q/Usage: $handle->close()/);
       my ($self) = @_;
       CORE::close($self->{fh})
         or croak(qq/Could not close socket: '$!'/);
   }

   sub write {
       @_ == 2 || croak(q/Usage: $handle->write(buf)/);
       my ($self, $buf) = @_;

       my $len = length $buf;
       my $off = 0;

       local $SIG{PIPE} = 'IGNORE';

       while () {
           $self->can_write
             or croak(q/Timed out while waiting for socket to become ready for writing/);
           my $r = syswrite($self->{fh}, $buf, $len, $off);
           if (defined $r) {
               $len -= $r;
               $off += $r;
               last unless $len > 0;
           }
           elsif ($! == EPIPE) {
               croak(qq/Socket closed by remote server: $!/);
           }
           elsif ($! != EINTR) {
               croak(qq/Could not write to socket: '$!'/);
           }
       }
       return $off;
   }

   sub read {
       @_ == 2 || @_ == 3 || croak(q/Usage: $handle->read(len)/);
       my ($self, $len) = @_;

       my $buf  = '';
       my $got = length $self->{rbuf};

       if ($got) {
           my $take = ($got < $len) ? $got : $len;
           $buf  = substr($self->{rbuf}, 0, $take, '');
           $len -= $take;
       }

       while ($len > 0) {
           $self->can_read
             or croak(q/Timed out while waiting for socket to become ready for reading/);
           my $r = sysread($self->{fh}, $buf, $len, length $buf);
           if (defined $r) {
               last unless $r;
               $len -= $r;
           }
           elsif ($! != EINTR) {
               croak(qq/Could not read from socket: '$!'/);
           }
       }
       if ($len) {
           croak(q/Unexpected end of stream/);
       }
       return $buf;
   }

   sub readline {
       @_ == 1 || croak(q/Usage: $handle->readline()/);
       my ($self) = @_;

       while () {
           if ($self->{rbuf} =~ s/\A ([^\x0D\x0A]* \x0D?\x0A)//x) {
               return $1;
           }
           $self->can_read
             or croak(q/Timed out while waiting for socket to become ready for reading/);
           my $r = sysread($self->{fh}, $self->{rbuf}, BUFSIZE, length $self->{rbuf});
           if (defined $r) {
               last unless $r;
           }
           elsif ($! != EINTR) {
               croak(qq/Could not read from socket: '$!'/);
           }
       }
       croak(q/Unexpected end of stream while looking for line/);
   }

   sub read_header_lines {
       @_ == 1 || @_ == 2 || croak(q/Usage: $handle->read_header_lines([headers])/);
       my ($self, $headers) = @_;
       $headers ||= {};
       my $lines   = 0;
       my $val;

       while () {
            my $line = $self->readline;

            if ($line =~ /\A ([^\x00-\x1F\x7F:]+) : [\x09\x20]* ([^\x0D\x0A]*)/x) {
                my ($field_name) = lc $1;
                $val = \($headers->{$field_name} = $2);
            }
            elsif ($line =~ /\A [\x09\x20]+ ([^\x0D\x0A]*)/x) {
                $val
                  or croak(q/Unexpected header continuation line/);
                next unless length $1;
                $$val .= ' ' if length $$val;
                $$val .= $1;
            }
            elsif ($line =~ /\A \x0D?\x0A \z/x) {
               last;
            }
            else {
               croak(q/Malformed header line: / . $Printable->($line));
            }
       }
       return $headers;
   }

   sub write_header_lines {
       (@_ == 2 && ref $_[1] eq 'HASH') || croak(q/Usage: $handle->write_header_lines(headers)/);
       my($self, $headers) = @_;

       my $buf = '';
       while (my ($k, $v) = each %$headers) {
           my $field_name = lc $k;
            $field_name =~ /\A [\x21\x23-\x27\x2A\x2B\x2D\x2E\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x5E-\x7A\x7C\x7E]+ \z/x
               or croak(q/Invalid HTTP header field name: / . $Printable->($field_name));
            $field_name =~ s/\b(\w)/\u$1/g;
            $buf .= "$field_name: $v\x0D\x0A";
       }
       $buf .= "\x0D\x0A";
       return $self->write($buf);
   }

   sub read_content_body {
       @_ == 3 || @_ == 4 || croak(q/Usage: $handle->read_content_body(callback, response, [read_length])/);
       my ($self, $cb, $response, $len) = @_;
       $len ||= $response->{headers}{'content-length'};

       croak("No content-length in the returned response, and this "
           . "UA doesn't implement chunking") unless defined $len;

       while ($len > 0) {
           my $read = ($len > BUFSIZE) ? BUFSIZE : $len;
           $cb->($self->read($read), $response);
           $len -= $read;
       }

       return;
   }

   sub write_content_body {
       @_ == 2 || croak(q/Usage: $handle->write_content_body(request)/);
       my ($self, $request) = @_;
       my ($len, $content_length) = (0, $request->{headers}{'content-length'});

       $len += $self->write($request->{content});

       $len == $content_length
         or croak(qq/Content-Length mismatch (got: $len expected: $content_length)/);

       return $len;
   }

   sub read_response_header {
       @_ == 1 || croak(q/Usage: $handle->read_response_header()/);
       my ($self) = @_;

       my $line = $self->readline;

       $line =~ /\A (HTTP\/(0*\d+\.0*\d+)) [\x09\x20]+ ([0-9]{3}) [\x09\x20]+ ([^\x0D\x0A]*) \x0D?\x0A/x
         or croak(q/Malformed Status-Line: / . $Printable->($line));

       my ($protocol, $version, $status, $reason) = ($1, $2, $3, $4);

       return {
           status   => $status,
           reason   => $reason,
           headers  => $self->read_header_lines,
           protocol => $protocol,
       };
   }

   sub write_request_header {
       @_ == 4 || croak(q/Usage: $handle->write_request_header(method, request_uri, headers)/);
       my ($self, $method, $request_uri, $headers) = @_;

       return $self->write("$method $request_uri HTTP/1.1\x0D\x0A")
            + $self->write_header_lines($headers);
   }

   sub _do_timeout {
       my ($self, $type, $timeout) = @_;
       $timeout = $self->{timeout}
           unless defined $timeout && $timeout >= 0;

       my $fd = fileno $self->{fh};
       defined $fd && $fd >= 0
         or croak(q/select(2): 'Bad file descriptor'/);

       my $initial = time;
       my $pending = $timeout;
       my $nfound;

       vec(my $fdset = '', $fd, 1) = 1;

       while () {
           $nfound = ($type eq 'read')
               ? select($fdset, undef, undef, $pending)
               : select(undef, $fdset, undef, $pending) ;
           if ($nfound == -1) {
               $! == EINTR
                 or croak(qq/select(2): '$!'/);
               redo if !$timeout || ($pending = $timeout - (time - $initial)) > 0;
               $nfound = 0;
           }
           last;
       }
       $! = 0;
       return $nfound;
   }

   sub can_read {
       @_ == 1 || @_ == 2 || croak(q/Usage: $handle->can_read([timeout])/);
       my $self = shift;
       return $self->_do_timeout('read', @_)
   }

   sub can_write {
       @_ == 1 || @_ == 2 || croak(q/Usage: $handle->can_write([timeout])/);
       my $self = shift;
       return $self->_do_timeout('write', @_)
   }
}  # HTTP::Micro::Handle

my $prog = <<'EOP';
BEGIN {
   if ( defined &IO::Socket::SSL::CAN_IPV6 ) {
      *CAN_IPV6 = \*IO::Socket::SSL::CAN_IPV6;
   }
   else {
      constant->import( CAN_IPV6 => '' );
   }
   my %const = (
      NID_CommonName => 13,
      GEN_DNS => 2,
      GEN_IPADD => 7,
   );
   while ( my ($name,$value) = each %const ) {
      no strict 'refs';
      *{$name} = UNIVERSAL::can( 'Net::SSLeay', $name ) || sub { $value };
   }
}
{
   use Carp qw(croak);
   my %dispatcher = (
      issuer =>  sub { Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_oneline( Net::SSLeay::X509_get_issuer_name( shift )) },
      subject => sub { Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_oneline( Net::SSLeay::X509_get_subject_name( shift )) },
   );
   if ( $Net::SSLeay::VERSION >= 1.30 ) {
      $dispatcher{commonName} = sub {
         my $cn = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID(
            Net::SSLeay::X509_get_subject_name( shift ), NID_CommonName);
         $cn =~s{\0$}{}; # work around Bug in Net::SSLeay <1.33
         $cn;
      }
   } else {
      $dispatcher{commonName} = sub {
         croak "you need at least Net::SSLeay version 1.30 for getting commonName"
      }
   }

   if ( $Net::SSLeay::VERSION >= 1.33 ) {
      $dispatcher{subjectAltNames} = sub { Net::SSLeay::X509_get_subjectAltNames( shift ) };
   } else {
      $dispatcher{subjectAltNames} = sub {
         return;
      };
   }

   $dispatcher{authority} = $dispatcher{issuer};
   $dispatcher{owner}     = $dispatcher{subject};
   $dispatcher{cn}        = $dispatcher{commonName};

   sub _peer_certificate {
      my ($self, $field) = @_;
      my $ssl = $self->_get_ssl_object or return;

      my $cert = ${*$self}{_SSL_certificate}
         ||= Net::SSLeay::get_peer_certificate($ssl)
         or return $self->error("Could not retrieve peer certificate");

      if ($field) {
         my $sub = $dispatcher{$field} or croak
            "invalid argument for peer_certificate, valid are: ".join( " ",keys %dispatcher ).
            "\nMaybe you need to upgrade your Net::SSLeay";
         return $sub->($cert);
      } else {
         return $cert
      }
   }


   my %scheme = (
      ldap => {
         wildcards_in_cn    => 0,
         wildcards_in_alt => 'leftmost',
         check_cn         => 'always',
      },
      http => {
         wildcards_in_cn    => 'anywhere',
         wildcards_in_alt => 'anywhere',
         check_cn         => 'when_only',
      },
      smtp => {
         wildcards_in_cn    => 0,
         wildcards_in_alt => 0,
         check_cn         => 'always'
      },
      none => {}, # do not check
   );

   $scheme{www}  = $scheme{http}; # alias
   $scheme{xmpp} = $scheme{http}; # rfc 3920
   $scheme{pop3} = $scheme{ldap}; # rfc 2595
   $scheme{imap} = $scheme{ldap}; # rfc 2595
   $scheme{acap} = $scheme{ldap}; # rfc 2595
   $scheme{nntp} = $scheme{ldap}; # rfc 4642
   $scheme{ftp}  = $scheme{http}; # rfc 4217


   sub _verify_hostname_of_cert {
      my $identity = shift;
      my $cert = shift;
      my $scheme = shift || 'none';
      if ( ! ref($scheme) ) {
         $scheme = $scheme{$scheme} or croak "scheme $scheme not defined";
      }

      return 1 if ! %$scheme; # 'none'

      my $commonName = $dispatcher{cn}->($cert);
      my @altNames   = $dispatcher{subjectAltNames}->($cert);

      if ( my $sub = $scheme->{callback} ) {
         return $sub->($identity,$commonName,@altNames);
      }


      my $ipn;
      if ( CAN_IPV6 and $identity =~m{:} ) {
         $ipn = IO::Socket::SSL::inet_pton(IO::Socket::SSL::AF_INET6,$identity)
            or croak "'$identity' is not IPv6, but neither IPv4 nor hostname";
      } elsif ( $identity =~m{^\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+$} ) {
         $ipn = IO::Socket::SSL::inet_aton( $identity ) or croak "'$identity' is not IPv4, but neither IPv6 nor hostname";
      } else {
         if ( $identity =~m{[^a-zA-Z0-9_.\-]} ) {
            $identity =~m{\0} and croak("name '$identity' has \\0 byte");
            $identity = IO::Socket::SSL::idn_to_ascii($identity) or
               croak "Warning: Given name '$identity' could not be converted to IDNA!";
         }
      }

      my $check_name = sub {
         my ($name,$identity,$wtyp) = @_;
         $wtyp ||= '';
         my $pattern;
         if ( $wtyp eq 'anywhere' and $name =~m{^([a-zA-Z0-9_\-]*)\*(.+)} ) {
            $pattern = qr{^\Q$1\E[a-zA-Z0-9_\-]*\Q$2\E$}i;
         } elsif ( $wtyp eq 'leftmost' and $name =~m{^\*(\..+)$} ) {
            $pattern = qr{^[a-zA-Z0-9_\-]*\Q$1\E$}i;
         } else {
            $pattern = qr{^\Q$name\E$}i;
         }
         return $identity =~ $pattern;
      };

      my $alt_dnsNames = 0;
      while (@altNames) {
         my ($type, $name) = splice (@altNames, 0, 2);
         if ( $ipn and $type == GEN_IPADD ) {
            return 1 if $ipn eq $name;

         } elsif ( ! $ipn and $type == GEN_DNS ) {
            $name =~s/\s+$//; $name =~s/^\s+//;
            $alt_dnsNames++;
            $check_name->($name,$identity,$scheme->{wildcards_in_alt})
               and return 1;
         }
      }

      if ( ! $ipn and (
         $scheme->{check_cn} eq 'always' or
         $scheme->{check_cn} eq 'when_only' and !$alt_dnsNames)) {
         $check_name->($commonName,$identity,$scheme->{wildcards_in_cn})
            and return 1;
      }

      return 0; # no match
   }
}
EOP

eval { require IO::Socket::SSL };
if ( $INC{"IO/Socket/SSL.pm"} ) {
   eval $prog;
   die $@ if $@;
}

1;
# ###########################################################################
# End HTTP::Micro package
# ###########################################################################

# ###########################################################################
# VersionCheck package
# This package is a copy without comments from the original.  The original
# with comments and its test file can be found in the GitHub repository at,
#   lib/VersionCheck.pm
#   t/lib/VersionCheck.t
# See https://github.com/percona/percona-toolkit for more information.
# ###########################################################################
{
package VersionCheck;


use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';
use English qw(-no_match_vars);

use constant PTDEBUG => $ENV{PTDEBUG} || 0;

use Data::Dumper;
local $Data::Dumper::Indent    = 1;
local $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys  = 1;
local $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys = 0;

use Digest::MD5 qw(md5_hex);
use Sys::Hostname qw(hostname);
use File::Basename qw();
use File::Spec;
use FindBin qw();

eval {
   require Percona::Toolkit;
   require HTTP::Micro;
};

my $home    = $ENV{HOME} || $ENV{HOMEPATH} || $ENV{USERPROFILE} || '.';
my @vc_dirs = (
   '/etc/percona',
   '/etc/percona-toolkit',
   '/tmp',
   "$home",
);

{
   my $file    = 'percona-version-check';

   sub version_check_file {
      foreach my $dir ( @vc_dirs ) {
         if ( -d $dir && -w $dir ) {
            PTDEBUG && _d('Version check file', $file, 'in', $dir);
            return $dir . '/' . $file;
         }
      }
      PTDEBUG && _d('Version check file', $file, 'in', $ENV{PWD});
      return $file;  # in the CWD
   }
}

sub version_check_time_limit {
   return 60 * 60 * 24;  # one day
}


sub version_check {
   my (%args) = @_;

   my $instances = $args{instances} || [];
   my $instances_to_check;

   PTDEBUG && _d('FindBin::Bin:', $FindBin::Bin);
   if ( !$args{force} ) {
      if ( $FindBin::Bin
           && (-d "$FindBin::Bin/../.bzr"    ||
               -d "$FindBin::Bin/../../.bzr" ||
               -d "$FindBin::Bin/../.git"    ||
               -d "$FindBin::Bin/../../.git"
              )
         ) {
         PTDEBUG && _d("$FindBin::Bin/../.bzr disables --version-check");
         return;
      }
   }

   eval {
      foreach my $instance ( @$instances ) {
         my ($name, $id) = get_instance_id($instance);
         $instance->{name} = $name;
         $instance->{id}   = $id;
      }

      push @$instances, { name => 'system', id => 0 };

      $instances_to_check = get_instances_to_check(
         instances => $instances,
         vc_file   => $args{vc_file},  # testing
         now       => $args{now},      # testing
      );
      PTDEBUG && _d(scalar @$instances_to_check, 'instances to check');
      return unless @$instances_to_check;

      my $protocol = 'https';
      eval { require IO::Socket::SSL; };
      if ( $EVAL_ERROR ) {
         PTDEBUG && _d($EVAL_ERROR);
         PTDEBUG && _d("SSL not available, won't run version_check");
         return;
      }
      PTDEBUG && _d('Using', $protocol);
      my $url = $args{url}                       # testing
                || $ENV{PERCONA_VERSION_CHECK_URL}  # testing
                || "$protocol://v.percona.com";
      PTDEBUG && _d('API URL:', $url);

      my $advice = pingback(
         instances => $instances_to_check,
         protocol  => $protocol,
         url       => $url,
      );
      if ( $advice ) {
         PTDEBUG && _d('Advice:', Dumper($advice));
         if ( scalar @$advice > 1) {
            print "\n# " . scalar @$advice . " software updates are "
               . "available:\n";
         }
         else {
            print "\n# A software update is available:\n";
         }
         print join("\n", map { "#   * $_" } @$advice), "\n\n";
      }
   };
   if ( $EVAL_ERROR ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d('Version check failed:', $EVAL_ERROR);
   }

   if ( @$instances_to_check ) {
      eval {
         update_check_times(
            instances => $instances_to_check,
            vc_file   => $args{vc_file},  # testing
            now       => $args{now},      # testing
         );
      };
      if ( $EVAL_ERROR ) {
         PTDEBUG && _d('Error updating version check file:', $EVAL_ERROR);
      }
   }

   if ( $ENV{PTDEBUG_VERSION_CHECK} ) {
      warn "Exiting because the PTDEBUG_VERSION_CHECK "
         . "environment variable is defined.\n";
      exit 255;
   }

   return;
}

sub get_instances_to_check {
   my (%args) = @_;

   my $instances = $args{instances};
   my $now       = $args{now}     || int(time);
   my $vc_file   = $args{vc_file} || version_check_file();

   if ( !-f $vc_file ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d('Version check file', $vc_file, 'does not exist;',
         'version checking all instances');
      return $instances;
   }

   open my $fh, '<', $vc_file or die "Cannot open $vc_file: $OS_ERROR";
   chomp(my $file_contents = do { local $/ = undef; <$fh> });
   PTDEBUG && _d('Version check file', $vc_file, 'contents:', $file_contents);
   close $fh;
   my %last_check_time_for = $file_contents =~ /^([^,]+),(.+)$/mg;

   my $check_time_limit = version_check_time_limit();
   my @instances_to_check;
   foreach my $instance ( @$instances ) {
      my $last_check_time = $last_check_time_for{ $instance->{id} };
      PTDEBUG && _d('Instance', $instance->{id}, 'last checked',
         $last_check_time, 'now', $now, 'diff', $now - ($last_check_time || 0),
         'hours until next check',
         sprintf '%.2f',
            ($check_time_limit - ($now - ($last_check_time || 0))) / 3600);
      if ( !defined $last_check_time
           || ($now - $last_check_time) >= $check_time_limit ) {
         PTDEBUG && _d('Time to check', Dumper($instance));
         push @instances_to_check, $instance;
      }
   }

   return \@instances_to_check;
}

sub update_check_times {
   my (%args) = @_;

   my $instances = $args{instances};
   my $now       = $args{now}     || int(time);
   my $vc_file   = $args{vc_file} || version_check_file();
   PTDEBUG && _d('Updating last check time:', $now);

   my %all_instances = map {
      $_->{id} => { name => $_->{name}, ts => $now }
   } @$instances;

   if ( -f $vc_file ) {
      open my $fh, '<', $vc_file or die "Cannot read $vc_file: $OS_ERROR";
      my $contents = do { local $/ = undef; <$fh> };
      close $fh;

      foreach my $line ( split("\n", ($contents || '')) ) {
         my ($id, $ts) = split(',', $line);
         if ( !exists $all_instances{$id} ) {
            $all_instances{$id} = { ts => $ts };  # original ts, not updated
         }
      }
   }

   open my $fh, '>', $vc_file or die "Cannot write to $vc_file: $OS_ERROR";
   foreach my $id ( sort keys %all_instances ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d('Updated:', $id, Dumper($all_instances{$id}));
      print { $fh } $id . ',' . $all_instances{$id}->{ts} . "\n";
   }
   close $fh;

   return;
}

sub get_instance_id {
   my ($instance) = @_;

   my $dbh = $instance->{dbh};
   my $dsn = $instance->{dsn};

   my $sql = q{SELECT CONCAT(@@hostname, @@port)};
   PTDEBUG && _d($sql);
   my ($name) = eval { $dbh->selectrow_array($sql) };
   if ( $EVAL_ERROR ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d($EVAL_ERROR);
      $sql = q{SELECT @@hostname};
      PTDEBUG && _d($sql);
      ($name) = eval { $dbh->selectrow_array($sql) };
      if ( $EVAL_ERROR ) {
         PTDEBUG && _d($EVAL_ERROR);
         $name = ($dsn->{h} || 'localhost') . ($dsn->{P} || 3306);
      }
      else {
         $sql = q{SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'port'};
         PTDEBUG && _d($sql);
         my (undef, $port) = eval { $dbh->selectrow_array($sql) };
         PTDEBUG && _d('port:', $port);
         $name .= $port || '';
      }
   }
   my $id = md5_hex($name);

   PTDEBUG && _d('MySQL instance:', $id, $name, Dumper($dsn));

   return $name, $id;
}


sub get_uuid {
    my $uuid_file = '/.percona-toolkit.uuid';
    foreach my $dir (@vc_dirs) {
        my $filename = $dir.$uuid_file;
        my $uuid=_read_uuid($filename);
        return $uuid if $uuid;
    }

    my $filename = $ENV{"HOME"} . $uuid_file;
    my $uuid = _generate_uuid();

    my $fh;
    eval {
        open($fh, '>', $filename);
    };
    if (!$EVAL_ERROR) {
        print $fh $uuid;
        close $fh;
    }

    return $uuid;
}

sub _generate_uuid {
    return sprintf+($}="%04x")."$}-$}-$}-$}-".$}x3,map rand 65537,0..7;
}

sub _read_uuid {
    my $filename = shift;
    my $fh;

    eval {
        open($fh, '<:encoding(UTF-8)', $filename);
    };
    return if ($EVAL_ERROR);

    my $uuid;
    eval { $uuid = <$fh>; };
    return if ($EVAL_ERROR);

    chomp $uuid;
    return $uuid;
}


sub pingback {
   my (%args) = @_;
   my @required_args = qw(url instances);
   foreach my $arg ( @required_args ) {
      die "I need a $arg argument" unless $args{$arg};
   }
   my $url       = $args{url};
   my $instances = $args{instances};

   my $ua = $args{ua} || HTTP::Micro->new( timeout => 3 );

   my $response = $ua->request('GET', $url);
   PTDEBUG && _d('Server response:', Dumper($response));
   die "No response from GET $url"
      if !$response;
   die("GET on $url returned HTTP status $response->{status}; expected 200\n",
       ($response->{content} || '')) if $response->{status} != 200;
   die("GET on $url did not return any programs to check")
      if !$response->{content};

   my $items = parse_server_response(
      response => $response->{content}
   );
   die "Failed to parse server requested programs: $response->{content}"
      if !scalar keys %$items;

   my $versions = get_versions(
      items     => $items,
      instances => $instances,
   );
   die "Failed to get any program versions; should have at least gotten Perl"
      if !scalar keys %$versions;

   my $client_content = encode_client_response(
      items      => $items,
      versions   => $versions,
      general_id => get_uuid(),
   );

   my $tool_name = $ENV{XTRABACKUP_VERSION} ? "Percona XtraBackup" : File::Basename::basename($0);
   my $client_response = {
      headers => { "X-Percona-Toolkit-Tool" => $tool_name },
      content => $client_content,
   };
   PTDEBUG && _d('Client response:', Dumper($client_response));

   $response = $ua->request('POST', $url, $client_response);
   PTDEBUG && _d('Server suggestions:', Dumper($response));
   die "No response from POST $url $client_response"
      if !$response;
   die "POST $url returned HTTP status $response->{status}; expected 200"
      if $response->{status} != 200;

   return unless $response->{content};

   $items = parse_server_response(
      response   => $response->{content},
      split_vars => 0,
   );
   die "Failed to parse server suggestions: $response->{content}"
      if !scalar keys %$items;
   my @suggestions = map { $_->{vars} }
                     sort { $a->{item} cmp $b->{item} }
                     values %$items;

   return \@suggestions;
}

sub encode_client_response {
   my (%args) = @_;
   my @required_args = qw(items versions general_id);
   foreach my $arg ( @required_args ) {
      die "I need a $arg argument" unless $args{$arg};
   }
   my ($items, $versions, $general_id) = @args{@required_args};

   my @lines;
   foreach my $item ( sort keys %$items ) {
      next unless exists $versions->{$item};
      if ( ref($versions->{$item}) eq 'HASH' ) {
         my $mysql_versions = $versions->{$item};
         for my $id ( sort keys %$mysql_versions ) {
            push @lines, join(';', $id, $item, $mysql_versions->{$id});
         }
      }
      else {
         push @lines, join(';', $general_id, $item, $versions->{$item});
      }
   }

   my $client_response = join("\n", @lines) . "\n";
   return $client_response;
}

sub parse_server_response {
   my (%args) = @_;
   my @required_args = qw(response);
   foreach my $arg ( @required_args ) {
      die "I need a $arg argument" unless $args{$arg};
   }
   my ($response) = @args{@required_args};

   my %items = map {
      my ($item, $type, $vars) = split(";", $_);
      if ( !defined $args{split_vars} || $args{split_vars} ) {
         $vars = [ split(",", ($vars || '')) ];
      }
      $item => {
         item => $item,
         type => $type,
         vars => $vars,
      };
   } split("\n", $response);

   PTDEBUG && _d('Items:', Dumper(\%items));

   return \%items;
}

my %sub_for_type = (
   os_version          => \&get_os_version,
   perl_version        => \&get_perl_version,
   perl_module_version => \&get_perl_module_version,
   mysql_variable      => \&get_mysql_variable,
   xtrabackup          => \&get_xtrabackup_version,
);

sub valid_item {
   my ($item) = @_;
   return unless $item;
   if ( !exists $sub_for_type{ $item->{type} } ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d('Invalid type:', $item->{type});
      return 0;
   }
   return 1;
}

sub get_versions {
   my (%args) = @_;
   my @required_args = qw(items);
   foreach my $arg ( @required_args ) {
      die "I need a $arg argument" unless $args{$arg};
   }
   my ($items) = @args{@required_args};

   my %versions;
   foreach my $item ( values %$items ) {
      next unless valid_item($item);
      eval {
         my $version = $sub_for_type{ $item->{type} }->(
            item      => $item,
            instances => $args{instances},
         );
         if ( $version ) {
            chomp $version unless ref($version);
            $versions{$item->{item}} = $version;
         }
      };
      if ( $EVAL_ERROR ) {
         PTDEBUG && _d('Error getting version for', Dumper($item), $EVAL_ERROR);
      }
   }

   return \%versions;
}


sub get_os_version {
   if ( $OSNAME eq 'MSWin32' ) {
      require Win32;
      return Win32::GetOSDisplayName();
   }

  chomp(my $platform = `uname -s`);
  PTDEBUG && _d('platform:', $platform);
  return $OSNAME unless $platform;

   chomp(my $lsb_release
            = `which lsb_release 2>/dev/null | awk '{print \$1}'` || '');
   PTDEBUG && _d('lsb_release:', $lsb_release);

   my $release = "";

   if ( $platform eq 'Linux' ) {
      if ( -f "/etc/fedora-release" ) {
         $release = `cat /etc/fedora-release`;
      }
      elsif ( -f "/etc/redhat-release" ) {
         $release = `cat /etc/redhat-release`;
      }
      elsif ( -f "/etc/system-release" ) {
         $release = `cat /etc/system-release`;
      }
      elsif ( $lsb_release ) {
         $release = `$lsb_release -ds`;
      }
      elsif ( -f "/etc/lsb-release" ) {
         $release = `grep DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION /etc/lsb-release`;
         $release =~ s/^\w+="([^"]+)".+/$1/;
      }
      elsif ( -f "/etc/debian_version" ) {
         chomp(my $rel = `cat /etc/debian_version`);
         $release = "Debian $rel";
         if ( -f "/etc/apt/sources.list" ) {
             chomp(my $code_name = `awk '/^deb/ {print \$3}' /etc/apt/sources.list | awk -F/ '{print \$1}'| awk 'BEGIN {FS="|"} {print \$1}' | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn | head -n1 | awk '{print \$2}'`);
             $release .= " ($code_name)" if $code_name;
         }
      }
      elsif ( -f "/etc/os-release" ) { # openSUSE
         chomp($release = `grep PRETTY_NAME /etc/os-release`);
         $release =~ s/^PRETTY_NAME="(.+)"$/$1/;
      }
      elsif ( `ls /etc/*release 2>/dev/null` ) {
         if ( `grep DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION /etc/*release 2>/dev/null` ) {
            $release = `grep DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION /etc/*release | head -n1`;
         }
         else {
            $release = `cat /etc/*release | head -n1`;
         }
      }
   }
   elsif ( $platform =~ m/(?:BSD|^Darwin)$/ ) {
      my $rel = `uname -r`;
      $release = "$platform $rel";
   }
   elsif ( $platform eq "SunOS" ) {
      my $rel = `head -n1 /etc/release` || `uname -r`;
      $release = "$platform $rel";
   }

   if ( !$release ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d('Failed to get the release, using platform');
      $release = $platform;
   }
   chomp($release);

   $release =~ s/^"|"$//g;

   PTDEBUG && _d('OS version =', $release);
   return $release;
}

sub get_perl_version {
   my (%args) = @_;
   my $item = $args{item};
   return unless $item;

   my $version = sprintf '%vd', $PERL_VERSION;
   PTDEBUG && _d('Perl version', $version);
   return $version;
}

sub get_xtrabackup_version {
    return $ENV{XTRABACKUP_VERSION};
}

sub get_perl_module_version {
   my (%args) = @_;
   my $item = $args{item};
   return unless $item;

   my $var     = '$' . $item->{item} . '::VERSION';
   my $version = eval "use $item->{item}; $var;";
   PTDEBUG && _d('Perl version for', $var, '=', $version);
   return $version;
}

sub get_mysql_variable {
   return get_from_mysql(
      show => 'VARIABLES',
      @_,
   );
}

sub get_from_mysql {
   my (%args) = @_;
   my $show      = $args{show};
   my $item      = $args{item};
   my $instances = $args{instances};
   return unless $show && $item;

   if ( !$instances || !@$instances ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d('Cannot check', $item,
         'because there are no MySQL instances');
      return;
   }

   if ($item->{item} eq 'MySQL' && $item->{type} eq 'mysql_variable') {
      @{$item->{vars}} = grep { $_ eq 'version' || $_ eq 'version_comment' } @{$item->{vars}};
   }


   my @versions;
   my %version_for;
   foreach my $instance ( @$instances ) {
      next unless $instance->{id};  # special system instance has id=0
      my $dbh = $instance->{dbh};
      local $dbh->{FetchHashKeyName} = 'NAME_lc';
      my $sql = qq/SHOW $show/;
      PTDEBUG && _d($sql);
      my $rows = $dbh->selectall_hashref($sql, 'variable_name');

      my @versions;
      foreach my $var ( @{$item->{vars}} ) {
         $var = lc($var);
         my $version = $rows->{$var}->{value};
         PTDEBUG && _d('MySQL version for', $item->{item}, '=', $version,
            'on', $instance->{name});
         push @versions, $version;
      }
      $version_for{ $instance->{id} } = join(' ', @versions);
   }

   return \%version_for;
}

sub _d {
   my ($package, undef, $line) = caller 0;
   @_ = map { (my $temp = $_) =~ s/\n/\n# /g; $temp; }
        map { defined $_ ? $_ : 'undef' }
        @_;
   print STDERR "# $package:$line $PID ", join(' ', @_), "\n";
}

1;
}
# ###########################################################################
# End VersionCheck package
# ###########################################################################

# ###########################################################################
# This is a combination of modules and programs in one -- a runnable module.
# http://www.perl.com/pub/a/2006/07/13/lightning-articles.html?page=last
# Or, look it up in the Camel book on pages 642 and 643 in the 3rd edition.
#
# Check at the end of this package for the call to main() which actually runs
# the program.
# ###########################################################################
package pt_slave_restart;

use English qw(-no_match_vars);
use IO::File;
use List::Util qw(min max);
use Time::HiRes qw(sleep);
use sigtrap qw(handler finish untrapped normal-signals);

use Percona::Toolkit;
use constant PTDEBUG => $ENV{PTDEBUG} || 0;

use Data::Dumper;

local $Data::Dumper::Indent    = 1;
local $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys  = 1;
local $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys = 0;

$OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH = 1;

my $o;
my $dp;
my $q  = new Quoter();
my %children;

sub main {
   local @ARGV = @_;  # set global ARGV for this package

   # ########################################################################
   # Get configuration information.
   # ########################################################################
   $o  = new OptionParser();
   $o->get_specs();
   $o->get_opts();

   $dp = $o->DSNParser();
   $dp->prop('set-vars', $o->set_vars());

   $o->set('verbose', 0) if $o->get('quiet');

   if ( !$o->get('help') ) {
      if ( $o->get('until-master') ) {
         if ( $o->get('until-master') !~ m/^[.\w-]+,\d+$/ ) {
            $o->save_error("Invalid --until-master argument, must be file,pos");
         }
      }
      if ( $o->get('until-relay') ) {
         if ( $o->get('until-relay') !~ m/^[.\w-]+,\d+$/ ) {
            $o->save_error("Invalid --until-relay argument, must be file,pos");
         }
      }
   }

   eval {
      MasterSlave::check_recursion_method($o->get('recursion-method'));
   };
   if ( $EVAL_ERROR ) {
      $o->save_error("Invalid --recursion-method: $EVAL_ERROR")
   }

   $o->usage_or_errors();

   # ########################################################################
   # First things first: if --stop was given, create the sentinel file.
   # ########################################################################
   my $sentinel = $o->get('sentinel');
   if ( $o->get('stop') ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d('Creating sentinel file', $sentinel);
      my $file = IO::File->new($sentinel, ">>")
         or die "Cannot open $sentinel: $OS_ERROR\n";
      print $file "Remove this file to permit pt-slave-restart to run\n"
         or die "Cannot write to $sentinel: $OS_ERROR\n";
      close $file
         or die "Cannot close $sentinel: $OS_ERROR\n";
      print STDOUT "Successfully created file $sentinel\n"
         unless $o->get('quiet');
      # Exit unlesss --monitor is given.
      if ( !$o->got('monitor') ) {
         PTDEBUG && _d('Nothing more to do, quitting');
         return 0;
      }
      else {
         # Wait for all other running instances to quit, assuming they have the
         # same --interval as this invocation.  Then remove the file and
         # continue.
         PTDEBUG && _d('Waiting for other instances to quit');
         sleep $o->get('max-sleep');
         PTDEBUG && _d('Unlinking', $sentinel);
         unlink $sentinel
            or die "Cannot unlink $sentinel: $OS_ERROR";
      }
   }

   # ########################################################################
   # Connect to MySQL.
   # ########################################################################
   if ( $o->get('ask-pass') ) {
      $o->set('password', OptionParser::prompt_noecho("Enter password: "));
   }
   my $dsn_defaults = $dp->parse_options($o);
   my $dsn          = @ARGV ? $dp->parse(shift @ARGV, $dsn_defaults)
                    :         $dsn_defaults;
   my $dbh          = $dp->get_dbh($dp->get_cxn_params($dsn),
                              { AutoCommit => 1, });

   $dbh->{InactiveDestroy}  = 1;         # Don't disconnect on fork/daemonize

   # ########################################################################
   # Daemonize only after (potentially) asking for passwords for --ask-pass.
   # If option daemonize is not provided while option pid is provided,
   # we're not daemoninzing, it just handles PID stuff.
   # ########################################################################
   my $daemon;
   if ( $o->get('daemonize') || $o->get('pid')) {
      $daemon = new Daemon(
         log_file => $o->get('log'),
         pid_file => $o->get('pid'),
         daemonize => $o->get('daemonize'),
      );
      $daemon->run();
      PTDEBUG && $o->get('daemonize') && _d('I am a daemon now');
   }

   # ########################################################################
   # Start monitoring the slave.
   # ########################################################################
   my $exit_status = 0;
   my @servers_to_watch;

   # Despite the name, recursing to slaves actually begins at the specified
   # server, so the named server may also be watched, if it's a slave.
   my $ms = new MasterSlave(
      OptionParser => $o,
      DSNParser    => $dp,
      Quoter       => $q,
   );
   $ms->recurse_to_slaves(
      {  dbh      => $dbh,
         dsn      => $dsn,
         callback => sub {
            my ( $dsn, $dbh, $level ) = @_;
            # Test whether we want to watch this server.
            eval {
               my $stat = $ms->get_slave_status($dbh);
               if ( $stat ) {
                  push @servers_to_watch, { dsn => $dsn, dbh => $dbh };
               }
               else {
                  die "could not find slave status on this server\n";
               }
            };
            if ( $EVAL_ERROR ) {
               chomp $EVAL_ERROR;
               PTDEBUG && _d('Not watching', $dp->as_string($dsn),
                  'because', $EVAL_ERROR);
            }
         },
         skip_callback => sub {
            my ( $dsn, $dbh, $level ) = @_;
            print STDERR "Skipping ", $dp->as_string($dsn), "\n";
         },
      }
   );

   # ########################################################################
   # Do the version-check
   # ########################################################################
   if ( $o->get('version-check') && (!$o->has('quiet') || !$o->get('quiet')) ) {
      VersionCheck::version_check(
         force     => $o->got('version-check'),
         instances => [ { dbh => $dbh, dsn => $dsn }, @servers_to_watch ],
      );
   }

   # ########################################################################
   # Watch each server found.
   # ########################################################################
   my $must_fork = @servers_to_watch > 1;
   foreach my $host ( @servers_to_watch ) {

      $host->{dbh}->{InactiveDestroy}  = 1;         # Don't disconnect on fork

      # Fork, but only if there might be more than one host to watch.
      my $pid = $must_fork ? fork() : undef;
      if ( !$must_fork || (defined($pid) && $pid == 0) ) {
         # I either forked and I'm a child, or I didn't fork... confusing, eh?
         watch_server($host->{dsn}, $host->{dbh}, $must_fork, $ms);
      }
      elsif ( $must_fork && !defined($pid) ) {
         die("Unable to fork!");
      }
      # I already exited if I'm a child, so I'm the parent.  (Or maybe I never
      # forked).
      $children{$dp->as_string($host->{dsn})} = $pid if $must_fork;
   }

   PTDEBUG && _d('Child PIDs:', values %children);
   # Wait for the children to exit.
   foreach my $host ( keys %children ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d('Waiting to reap', $host);
      my $pid = waitpid($children{$host}, 0);
      $exit_status ||= $CHILD_ERROR >> 8;
   }

   $dp->disconnect($dbh);
   return $exit_status;
}

# ############################################################################
# Subroutines.
# ############################################################################

# Actually watch a server.  If many instances are being watched, this is
# fork()ed.
sub watch_server {
   my ( $dsn, $dbh, $was_forked, $ms ) = @_;

   PTDEBUG && _d('Watching server', $dp->as_string($dsn),
      'forked:', $was_forked);

   my $start_sql = VersionParser->new($dbh) >= '4.0.5'
                 ? 'START SLAVE' : 'SLAVE START';
   if ( $o->get('until-master') ) {
      my ( $file, $pos ) = split(',', $o->get('until-master'));
      $start_sql .= " UNTIL MASTER_LOG_FILE = '$file', MASTER_LOG_POS = $pos";
   }
   elsif ( $o->get('until-relay') ) {
      my ( $file, $pos ) = split(',', $o->get('until-relay'));
      $start_sql .= " UNTIL RELAY_LOG_FILE = '$file', RELAY_LOG_POS = $pos";
   }

   my $start = $dbh->prepare($start_sql);
   my $stop  = $dbh->prepare('STOP SLAVE');

   # ########################################################################
   # Detect if GTID is enabled. Skipping an event is done differently.
   # ########################################################################
   # When MySQL 5.6.5 or higher is used and gtid is enabled, skipping a
   # transaction is not possible with SQL_SLAVE_SKIP_COUNTER
   my $skip_event;
   my $have_gtid = 0;
   # We also check if version is lower than 10.0.0 because MariaDB has different
   # versioning system than MySQL
   if ( VersionParser->new($dbh) >= '5.6.5' && VersionParser->new($dbh) <= '10.0.0' ) {
      my $row = $dbh->selectrow_arrayref('SELECT @@GLOBAL.gtid_mode');
      PTDEBUG && _d('@@GLOBAL.gtid_mode:', $row->[0]);
      if ( $row && $row->[0] =~ m/^ON/ ) {
         $have_gtid = 1;
      }
   }
   PTDEBUG && _d('Have GTID:', $have_gtid);

   # If GTID is enabled, slave_parallel_workers should be == 0.
   # It's currently not possible to know what GTID event the failed trx is.
   if ( $have_gtid ) {
      my $threads = $dbh->selectrow_hashref(
         'SELECT @@GLOBAL.slave_parallel_workers AS threads');
      if ( $threads->{threads} > 0 ) {
         die "Cannot skip transactions properly because GTID is enabled "
            . "and slave_parallel_workers > 0.  See 'GLOBAL TRANSACTION IDS' "
            . "in the tool's documentation.\n";
      }
   }

   # ########################################################################
   # Lookup tables of things to do when a problem is detected.
   # ########################################################################
   my @error_patterns = (
      [ qr/You have an error in your SQL/         => 'refetch_relay_log' ],
      [ qr/Could not parse relay log event entry/ => 'refetch_relay_log' ],
      [ qr/Incorrect key file for table/          => 'repair_table'      ],
      # This must be the last one.  It's a catch-all rule: skip and restart.
      [ qr/./ => ($have_gtid ? 'skip_gtid' : 'skip')                     ],
   );

   # ########################################################################
   # These are actions to take when an error is found.
   # ########################################################################
   my %actions = (
      refetch_relay_log => sub {
         my ( $stat, $dbh ) = @_;
         PTDEBUG && _d('Found relay log corruption');
         # Can't do CHANGE MASTER TO with a running slave.
         $stop->execute();

         # Cannot use ? placeholders for CHANGE MASTER values:
         # https://bugs.launchpad.net/percona-toolkit/+bug/932614
         my $sql = "CHANGE MASTER TO "
                 . "MASTER_LOG_FILE='$stat->{relay_master_log_file}', "
                 . "MASTER_LOG_POS=$stat->{exec_master_log_pos}";
         PTDEBUG && _d($sql);
         $dbh->do($sql);
      },
      skip => sub {
         my ( $stat, $dbh ) = @_;
         my $set_skip = $dbh->prepare("SET GLOBAL SQL_SLAVE_SKIP_COUNTER = "
                          . $o->get('skip-count'));
         $set_skip->execute();
      },
      skip_gtid => sub {
         my ( $stat, $dbh ) = @_;

         # Get master_uuid from SHOW SLAVE STATUS if a UUID is not specified
         # with --master-uuid.
         my $gtid_uuid = $o->get('master-uuid');
         if ( !$gtid_uuid ) {
            $gtid_uuid = $stat->{master_uuid};
            die "No master_uuid" unless $gtid_uuid;  # shouldn't happen
         }

         # We need the highest transaction in the executed_gtid_set.
         # and then we need to increase it by 1 (the one we want to skip)
         # Notes:
         #  - does not work with parallel replication
         #  - it skips the next transaction from the master_uuid
         #    (when a slaveB is replicating from slaveA,
         #     the master_uuid is it's own master, slaveA)
         my ($gtid_exec_ids) = ($stat->{executed_gtid_set} || '') =~ m/$gtid_uuid([0-9-:]*)/;
         $gtid_exec_ids =~ s/:[0-9]+-/:/g;
         die "No executed GTIDs" unless $gtid_exec_ids;

         my @gtid_exec_ranges = split(/:/, $gtid_exec_ids);
         delete $gtid_exec_ranges[0]; # undef the first value, it's always empty

         # Get the highest id by sorting the array, removing the undef value.
         my @gtid_exec_sorted = sort { $a <=> $b }
                                grep { defined($_) } @gtid_exec_ranges;
         my $gtid_exec_last   = $gtid_exec_sorted[-1];

         PTDEBUG && _d("\n",
            "GTID: master_uuid:",         $gtid_uuid, "\n",
            "GTID: executed_gtid_set:",   $gtid_exec_ids, "\n",
            "GTID: max for master_uuid:", $gtid_exec_sorted[-1], "\n",
            "GTID: last executed gtid:",  $gtid_uuid, ":", $gtid_exec_last);

         # Set the sessions next gtid, write an empty transaction
         my $skipped = 0;
         while ( $skipped++ < $o->get('skip-count') ) {
            my $gtid_next = $gtid_exec_last + $skipped;
            my $sql       = "SET GTID_NEXT='$gtid_uuid:$gtid_next'";
            PTDEBUG && _d($sql);
            my $sth = $dbh->prepare($sql);
            $sth->execute();
            $dbh->begin_work();
            $dbh->commit();
         }

         # Set the session back to the automatically generated GTID_NEXT.
         $dbh->do("SET GTID_NEXT='AUTOMATIC'");
      },
      repair_table => sub {
         my ( $stat, $dbh ) = @_;
         PTDEBUG && _d('Found corrupt table');
         # [ qr/Incorrect key file for table './foo/bar.MYI'
         my ( $db, $tbl ) = $stat->{last_error} =~ m!([^/]+)/(.*?)\.MYI!;
         if ( $db && $tbl ) {
            my $sql = "REPAIR TABLE " . $q->quote($db, $tbl);
            PTDEBUG && _d($sql);
            $dbh->do($sql);
         }
      },
   );

   my $err_text  = $o->get('error-text');
   my $exit_time = time() + ($o->get('run-time') || 0);
   my $sleep     = $o->get('sleep');
   my ($last_log, $last_pos);

   my $stat = {}; # Will hold SHOW SLAVE STATUS
   STAT:
   while ( $stat
           && (!$o->get('run-time') || time() < $exit_time)
           && !-f $o->get('sentinel') ) {
      my $increase_sleep = 1;
      $stat = $ms->get_slave_status($dbh);
      if ( !$stat ) {
         print STDERR "No SLAVE STATUS output found on ",
            $dp->as_string($dsn), "\n";
         next STAT;
      }

      PTDEBUG && _d('Last/current relay log file:',
         $last_log, $stat->{relay_log_file});
      PTDEBUG && _d('Last/current relay log pos:',
         $last_pos, $stat->{relay_log_pos});
      if ( !$last_log
           || $last_log ne $stat->{relay_log_file}   # Avoid infinite loops
           || $last_pos != $stat->{relay_log_pos}
      ) {
         $stat->{slave_sql_running} ||= 'No';
         $stat->{last_error}        ||= '';
         $stat->{last_errno}        ||= 0;

         if ( $o->get('until-master') && pos_ge($stat, 'master') ) {
            die "Slave has advanced past " . $o->get('until-master')
               . " on master.\n";
         }
         elsif ( $o->get('until-relay') && pos_ge($stat, 'relay') ) {
            die "Slave has advanced past " . $o->get('until-relay')
               . " in relay logs.\n";
         }

         if ( $stat->{slave_sql_running} eq 'No' ) {
            # Print the time, error, etc
            if ( $o->get('verbose') ) {
               my $err = '';
               if ( $o->get('verbose') > 1 ) {
                  ($err = $stat->{last_error} || '' ) =~ s/\s+/ /g;
                  if ( $o->get('error-length') ) {
                     $err = substr($err, 0, $o->get('error-length'));
                  }
               }
               printf("%s %s %s %11d %d %s\n",
                  ts(time),
                  $dp->as_string($dsn),
                  $stat->{relay_log_file},
                  $stat->{relay_log_pos},
                  $stat->{last_errno} || 0,
                  $err
               );
            }

            if ( $o->got('error-numbers')
                 && !exists($o->get('error-numbers')->{$stat->{last_errno}}) ) {
               die "Error $stat->{last_errno} is not in --error-numbers.\n";
            }
            elsif ( $err_text
                    && $stat->{last_error}
                    && $stat->{last_error} !~ m/$err_text/ ) {
               die "Error does not match --error-text.\n";
            }
            elsif ( $stat->{last_error} || $o->get('always') ) {

               # What kind of error is it?
               foreach my $pat ( @error_patterns ) {
                  if ( $stat->{last_error} =~ m/$pat->[0]/ ) {
                     $actions{$pat->[1]}->($stat, $dbh);
                     last;
                  }
               }

               $start->execute();
               $increase_sleep = 0;

               # Only set this on events I tried to restart.  Otherwise there
               # could be a race condition: I see it, I record it, but it hasn't
               # caused an error yet; so I won't try to restart it when it does.
               # (The point of this is to avoid trying to restart the same event
               # twice in case another race condition happens -- I restart it,
               # then check the server and it hasn't yet cleared the error
               # message and restarted the SQL thread).
               if ( $o->get('check-relay-log') ) {
                  $last_log = $stat->{relay_log_file};
                  $last_pos = $stat->{relay_log_pos};
               }
            }
            else {
               PTDEBUG && _d('The slave is stopped, but without error');
               $increase_sleep = 1;
            }
         }
         elsif ( $o->get('verbose') > 2 ) {
            printf("%s delayed %s sec\n", $dp->as_string($dsn),
               (defined $stat->{seconds_behind_master} ?
               $stat->{seconds_behind_master} : 'NULL'));
         }
      }
      else {
         if ( $o->get('verbose') ) {
            print "Not checking slave because relay log file or position has "
               . "not changed "
               . "(file " . ($last_log || '')
               . " pos "  . ($last_pos || '') . ")\n";
         }
      }

      # Adjust sleep time.
      if ( $increase_sleep ) {
         $sleep = min($o->get('max-sleep'), $sleep * 2);
      }
      else {
         $sleep = max($o->get('min-sleep'), $sleep / 2);
      }

      # Errors are very likely to follow each other in quick succession.  NOTE:
      # this policy has a side effect with respect to $sleep.  Suppose $sleep is
      # 512 and pt-slave-restart finds an error; now $sleep is 256, but
      # pt-slave-restart sleeps only 1 (the initial value of --sleep).  Suppose
      # there is no error when it wakes up after 1 second, because 1 was too
      # short.  Now it doubles $sleep, back to 512.  $sleep has the same value
      # it did before the error was ever found.
      my $sleep_time = $increase_sleep ? $sleep : min($sleep, $o->get('sleep'));
      if ( $o->get('verbose') > 2 ) {
         printf("%s sleeping %f\n", $dp->as_string($dsn), $sleep_time);
      }
      sleep $sleep_time;
   }

   PTDEBUG && _d('All done with server', $dp->as_string($dsn));
   if ( $was_forked ) {
      $dp->disconnect($dbh);
      exit(0);
   }
}

# Determines if the $stat's log coordinates are greater than or equal to the
# desired coordinates. $which is 'master' or 'relay'
sub pos_ge {
   my ( $stat, $which ) = @_;
   my $fmt  = '%s/%020d';
   my $curr = $which eq 'master'
      ? sprintf($fmt, @{$stat}{qw(relay_master_log_file exec_master_log_pos)})
      : sprintf($fmt, @{$stat}{qw(relay_log_file relay_log_pos)});
   my $stop = sprintf($fmt, split(',', $o->get("until-$which")));
   return $curr ge $stop;
}

sub ts {
   my ( $time ) = @_;
   my ( $sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year )
      = localtime($time);
   $mon  += 1;
   $year += 1900;
   return sprintf("%d-%02d-%02dT%02d:%02d:%02d",
      $year, $mon, $mday, $hour, $min, $sec);
}

# Catches signals for exiting gracefully.
sub finish {
   my ($signal) = @_;
   print STDERR "Exiting on SIG$signal.\n";
   if ( %children ) {
      kill 9, values %children;
      print STDERR "Signaled ", join(', ', values %children), "\n";
   }
   exit(1);
}

sub _d {
   my ($package, undef, $line) = caller 0;
   @_ = map { (my $temp = $_) =~ s/\n/\n# /g; $temp; }
        map { defined $_ ? $_ : 'undef' }
        @_;
   print STDERR "# $package:$line $PID ", join(' ', @_), "\n";
}

# ############################################################################
# Run the program.
# ############################################################################
if ( !caller ) { exit main(@ARGV); }

1; # Because this is a module as well as a script.

# ############################################################################
# Documentation.
# ############################################################################

=pod

=head1 NAME

pt-slave-restart - Watch and restart MySQL replication after errors.

=head1 SYNOPSIS

Usage: pt-slave-restart [OPTIONS] [DSN]

pt-slave-restart watches one or more MySQL replication slaves for
errors, and tries to restart replication if it stops.

=head1 RISKS

Percona Toolkit is mature, proven in the real world, and well tested,
but all database tools can pose a risk to the system and the database
server.  Before using this tool, please:

=over

=item * Read the tool's documentation

=item * Review the tool's known L<"BUGS">

=item * Test the tool on a non-production server

=item * Backup your production server and verify the backups

=back

=head1 DESCRIPTION

pt-slave-restart watches one or more MySQL replication slaves and tries to skip
statements that cause errors.  It polls slaves intelligently with an
exponentially varying sleep time.  You can specify errors to skip and run the
slaves until a certain binlog position.

Although this tool can help a slave advance past errors, you should not
rely on it to "fix" replication.  If slave errors occur frequently or
unexpectedly, you should identify and fix the root cause.

=head1 OUTPUT

pt-slave-restart prints a line every time it sees the slave has an error.
By default this line is: a timestamp, connection information, relay_log_file,
relay_log_pos, and last_errno.
You can add more information using the L<"--verbose"> option.
You can suppress all output using the L<"--quiet"> option.

=head1 SLEEP

pt-slave-restart sleeps intelligently between polling the slave.  The current
sleep time varies.

=over

=item *

The initial sleep time is given by L<"--sleep">.

=item *

If it checks and finds an error, it halves the previous sleep time.

=item *

If it finds no error, it doubles the previous sleep time.

=item *

The sleep time is bounded below by L<"--min-sleep"> and above by
L<"--max-sleep">.

=item *

Immediately after finding an error, pt-slave-restart assumes another error is
very likely to happen next, so it sleeps the current sleep time or the initial
sleep time, whichever is less.

=back

=head1 GLOBAL TRANSACTION IDS

As of Percona Toolkit 2.2.8, pt-slave-restart supports Global Transaction IDs
introduced in MySQL 5.6.5.  It's important to keep in mind that:

=over

=item *

pt-slave-restart will not skip transactions when multiple replication threads
are being used (slave_parallel_workers > 0).  pt-slave-restart does not know
what the GTID event is of the failed transaction of a specific slave thread.

=item *

The default behavior is to skip the next transaction from the slave's master.
Writes can originate on different servers, each with their own UUID.

See L<"--master-uuid">.

=back

=head1 EXIT STATUS

An exit status of 0 (sometimes also called a return value or return code)
indicates success.  Any other value represents the exit status of the Perl
process itself, or of the last forked process that exited if there were multiple
servers to monitor.

=head1 COMPATIBILITY

pt-slave-restart should work on many versions of MySQL.  Lettercase of many
output columns from SHOW SLAVE STATUS has changed over time, so it treats them
all as lowercase.

=head1 OPTIONS

This tool accepts additional command-line arguments.  Refer to the
L<"SYNOPSIS"> and usage information for details.

=over

=item --always

Start slaves even when there is no error.  With this option enabled,
pt-slave-restart will not let you stop the slave manually if you want to!

=item --ask-pass

Prompt for a password when connecting to MySQL.

=item --charset

short form: -A; type: string

Default character set.  If the value is utf8, sets Perl's binmode on
STDOUT to utf8, passes the mysql_enable_utf8 option to DBD::mysql, and
runs SET NAMES UTF8 after connecting to MySQL.  Any other value sets
binmode on STDOUT without the utf8 layer, and runs SET NAMES after
connecting to MySQL.

=item --[no]check-relay-log

default: yes

Check the last relay log file and position before checking for slave errors.

By default pt-slave-restart will not doing anything (it will just sleep)
if neither the relay log file nor the relay log position have changed since
the last check.  This prevents infinite loops (i.e. restarting the same
error in the same relay log file at the same relay log position).

For certain slave errors, however, this check needs to be disabled by
specifying C<--no-check-relay-log>.  Do not do this unless you know what
you are doing!

=item --config

type: Array

Read this comma-separated list of config files; if specified, this must be the
first option on the command line.

=item --daemonize

Fork to the background and detach from the shell.  POSIX
operating systems only.

=item --database

short form: -D; type: string

Database to use.

=item --defaults-file

short form: -F; type: string

Only read mysql options from the given file.  You must give an absolute
pathname.

=item --error-length

type: int

Max length of error message to print.  When L<"--verbose"> is set high enough to
print the error, this option will truncate the error text to the specified
length.  This can be useful to prevent wrapping on the terminal.

=item --error-numbers

type: hash

Only restart this comma-separated list of errors.  Makes pt-slave-restart only
try to restart if the error number is in this comma-separated list of errors.
If it sees an error not in the list, it will exit.

The error number is in the C<last_errno> column of C<SHOW SLAVE STATUS>.

=item --error-text

type: string

Only restart errors that match this pattern.  A Perl regular expression against
which the error text, if any, is matched.  If the error text exists and matches,
pt-slave-restart will try to restart the slave.  If it exists but doesn't match,
pt-slave-restart will exit.

The error text is in the C<last_error> column of C<SHOW SLAVE STATUS>.

=item --help

Show help and exit.

=item --host

short form: -h; type: string

Connect to host.

=item --log

type: string

Print all output to this file when daemonized.

=item --max-sleep

type: float; default: 64

Maximum sleep seconds.

The maximum time pt-slave-restart will sleep before polling the slave again.
This is also the time that pt-slave-restart will wait for all other running
instances to quit if both L<"--stop"> and L<"--monitor"> are specified.

See L<"SLEEP">.

=item --min-sleep

type: float; default: 0.015625

The minimum time pt-slave-restart will sleep before polling the slave again.
See L<"SLEEP">.

=item --monitor

Whether to monitor the slave (default).  Unless you specify --monitor
explicitly, L<"--stop"> will disable it.

=item --password

short form: -p; type: string

Password to use when connecting.
If password contains commas they must be escaped with a backslash: "exam\,ple"

=item --pid

type: string

Create the given PID file.  The tool won't start if the PID file already
exists and the PID it contains is different than the current PID.  However,
if the PID file exists and the PID it contains is no longer running, the
tool will overwrite the PID file with the current PID.  The PID file is
removed automatically when the tool exits.

=item --port

short form: -P; type: int

Port number to use for connection.

=item --quiet

short form: -q

Suppresses normal output (disables L<"--verbose">).

=item --recurse

type: int; default: 0

Watch slaves of the specified server, up to the specified number of servers deep
in the hierarchy.  The default depth of 0 means "just watch the slave
specified."

pt-slave-restart examines C<SHOW PROCESSLIST> and tries to determine which
connections are from slaves, then connect to them.  See L<"--recursion-method">.

Recursion works by finding all slaves when the program starts, then watching
them.  If there is more than one slave, C<pt-slave-restart> uses C<fork()> to
monitor them.

This also works if you have configured your slaves to show up in C<SHOW SLAVE
HOSTS>.  The minimal configuration for this is the C<report_host> parameter, but
there are other "report" parameters as well for the port, username, and
password.

=item --recursion-method

type: array; default: processlist,hosts

Preferred recursion method used to find slaves.

Possible methods are:

  METHOD       USES
  ===========  ==================
  processlist  SHOW PROCESSLIST
  hosts        SHOW SLAVE HOSTS
  none         Do not find slaves

The processlist method is preferred because SHOW SLAVE HOSTS is not reliable.
However, the hosts method is required if the server uses a non-standard
port (not 3306).  Usually pt-slave-restart does the right thing and finds
the slaves, but you may give a preferred method and it will be used first.
If it doesn't find any slaves, the other methods will be tried.

=item --run-time

type: time

Time to run before exiting.  Causes pt-slave-restart to stop after the specified
time has elapsed.  Optional suffix: s=seconds, m=minutes, h=hours, d=days; if no
suffix, s is used.

=item --sentinel

type: string; default: /tmp/pt-slave-restart-sentinel

Exit if this file exists.

=item --slave-user

type: string

Sets the user to be used to connect to the slaves.
This parameter allows you to have a different user with less privileges on the
slaves but that user must exist on all slaves.

=item --slave-password

type: string

Sets the password to be used to connect to the slaves.
It can be used with --slave-user and the password for the user must be the same
on all slaves.

=item --set-vars

type: Array

Set the MySQL variables in this comma-separated list of C<variable=value> pairs.

By default, the tool sets:

=for comment ignore-pt-internal-value
MAGIC_set_vars

   wait_timeout=10000

Variables specified on the command line override these defaults.  For
example, specifying C<--set-vars wait_timeout=500> overrides the defaultvalue of C<10000>.

The tool prints a warning and continues if a variable cannot be set.

=item --skip-count

type: int; default: 1

Number of statements to skip when restarting the slave.

=item --master-uuid

type: string

When using GTID, an empty transaction should be created in order to skip it.
If writes are coming from different nodes in the replication tree above, it is
not possible to know which event from which UUID to skip.

By default, transactions from the slave's master (C<'Master_UUID'> from
C<SHOW SLAVE STATUS>) are skipped.

For example, with

  master1 -> slave1 -> slave2

When skipping events on slave2 that were written to master1, you must specify
the UUID of master1, else the tool will use the UUID of slave1 by default.

See L<"GLOBAL TRANSACTION IDS">.

=item --sleep

type: int; default: 1

Initial sleep seconds between checking the slave.

See L<"SLEEP">.

=item --socket

short form: -S; type: string

Socket file to use for connection.

=item --stop

Stop running instances by creating the sentinel file.

Causes C<pt-slave-restart> to create the sentinel file specified by
L<"--sentinel">.  This should have the effect of stopping all running
instances which are watching the same sentinel file.  If L<"--monitor"> isn't
specified, C<pt-slave-restart> will exit after creating the file.  If it is
specified, C<pt-slave-restart> will wait the interval given by
L<"--max-sleep">, then remove the file and continue working.

You might find this handy to stop cron jobs gracefully if necessary, or to
replace one running instance with another.  For example, if you want to stop
and restart C<pt-slave-restart> every hour (just to make sure that it is
restarted every hour, in case of a server crash or some other problem), you
could use a C<crontab> line like this:

 0 * * * * pt-slave-restart --monitor --stop --sentinel /tmp/pt-slave-restartup

The non-default L<"--sentinel"> will make sure the hourly C<cron> job stops
only instances previously started with the same options (that is, from the
same C<cron> job).

See also L<"--sentinel">.

=item --until-master

type: string

Run until this master log file and position.  Start the slave, and retry if it
fails, until it reaches the given replication coordinates.  The coordinates are
the logfile and position on the master, given by relay_master_log_file,
exec_master_log_pos.  The argument must be in the format "file,pos".  Separate
the filename and position with a single comma and no space.

This will also cause an UNTIL clause to be given to START SLAVE.

After reaching this point, the slave should be stopped and pt-slave-restart
will exit.

=item --until-relay

type: string

Run until this relay log file and position.  Like L<"--until-master">, but in
the slave's relay logs instead.  The coordinates are given by relay_log_file,
relay_log_pos.

=item --user

short form: -u; type: string

User for login if not current user.

=item --verbose

short form: -v; cumulative: yes; default: 1

Adds more information to the output.
This flag can be specified multiple times. e.g. -v -v OR -vv.
By default (no verbose flag) the tool outputs connection information, a timestamp,
relay_log_file, relay_log_pos, and last_errno.
One flag (-v) adds last_error.  See also L<"--error-length">.
Two flags (-vv) prints the current sleep time each time pt-slave-restart sleeps.
To suppress all output use the L<"--quiet"> option.

=item --version

Show version and exit.

=item --[no]version-check

default: yes

Check for the latest version of Percona Toolkit, MySQL, and other programs.

This is a standard "check for updates automatically" feature, with two
additional features.  First, the tool checks its own version and also the
versions of the following software: operating system, Percona Monitoring and
Management (PMM), MySQL, Perl, MySQL driver for Perl (DBD::mysql), and
Percona Toolkit. Second, it checks for and warns about versions with known
problems. For example, MySQL 5.5.25 had a critical bug and was re-released
as 5.5.25a.

A secure connection to Percona’s Version Check database server is done to
perform these checks. Each request is logged by the server, including software
version numbers and unique ID of the checked system. The ID is generated by the
Percona Toolkit installation script or when the Version Check database call is
done for the first time.

Any updates or known problems are printed to STDOUT before the tool's normal
output.  This feature should never interfere with the normal operation of the
tool.

For more information, visit L<https://www.percona.com/doc/percona-toolkit/LATEST/version-check.html>.

=back

Show version and exit.

=head1 DSN OPTIONS

These DSN options are used to create a DSN.  Each option is given like
C<option=value>.  The options are case-sensitive, so P and p are not the
same option.  There cannot be whitespace before or after the C<=> and
if the value contains whitespace it must be quoted.  DSN options are
comma-separated.  See the L<percona-toolkit> manpage for full details.

=over

=item * A

dsn: charset; copy: yes

Default character set.

=item * D

dsn: database; copy: yes

Default database.

=item * F

dsn: mysql_read_default_file; copy: yes

Only read default options from the given file

=item * h

dsn: host; copy: yes

Connect to host.

=item * p

dsn: password; copy: yes

Password to use when connecting.
If password contains commas they must be escaped with a backslash: "exam\,ple"

=item * P

dsn: port; copy: yes

Port number to use for connection.

=item * S

dsn: mysql_socket; copy: yes

Socket file to use for connection.

=item * u

dsn: user; copy: yes

User for login if not current user.

=back

=head1 ENVIRONMENT

The environment variable C<PTDEBUG> enables verbose debugging output to STDERR.
To enable debugging and capture all output to a file, run the tool like:

   PTDEBUG=1 pt-slave-restart ... > FILE 2>&1

Be careful: debugging output is voluminous and can generate several megabytes
of output.

=head1 ATTENTION

Using <PTDEBUG> might expose passwords. When debug is enabled, all command line
parameters are shown in the output.

=head1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

You need Perl, DBI, DBD::mysql, and some core packages that ought to be
installed in any reasonably new version of Perl.

=head1 BUGS

For a list of known bugs, see L<https://jira.percona.com/projects/PT/issues>.

Please report bugs at L<https://jira.percona.com/projects/PT>.
Include the following information in your bug report:

=over

=item * Complete command-line used to run the tool

=item * Tool L<"--version">

=item * MySQL version of all servers involved

=item * Output from the tool including STDERR

=item * Input files (log/dump/config files, etc.)

=back

If possible, include debugging output by running the tool with C<PTDEBUG>;
see L<"ENVIRONMENT">.

=head1 DOWNLOADING

Visit L<http://www.percona.com/software/percona-toolkit/> to download the
latest release of Percona Toolkit.  Or, get the latest release from the
command line:

   wget percona.com/get/percona-toolkit.tar.gz

   wget percona.com/get/percona-toolkit.rpm

   wget percona.com/get/percona-toolkit.deb

You can also get individual tools from the latest release:

   wget percona.com/get/TOOL

Replace C<TOOL> with the name of any tool.

=head1 AUTHORS

Baron Schwartz

=head1 ABOUT PERCONA TOOLKIT

This tool is part of Percona Toolkit, a collection of advanced command-line
tools for MySQL developed by Percona.  Percona Toolkit was forked from two
projects in June, 2011: Maatkit and Aspersa.  Those projects were created by
Baron Schwartz and primarily developed by him and Daniel Nichter.  Visit
L<http://www.percona.com/software/> to learn about other free, open-source
software from Percona.

=head1 COPYRIGHT, LICENSE, AND WARRANTY

This program is copyright 2011-2024 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates,
2007-2011 Baron Schwartz.

THIS PROGRAM IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
Foundation, version 2; OR the Perl Artistic License.  On UNIX and similar
systems, you can issue `man perlgpl' or `man perlartistic' to read these
licenses.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple
Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA.

=head1 VERSION

pt-slave-restart 3.6.0

=cut
